Table 1.
Demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with biliary cancer
| Characteristic | Training set | Validation set | Combined set | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| All patients | 118 | 100 | 127 | 100 | 245 | 100 |
| Age at surgery, yearsa | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 62.5 ± 10.5 | 61.7 ± 10.5 | 62.1 ± 10.5 | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 52.5 | 80 | 63.0 | 142 | 58.0 |
| Male | 56 | 47.5 | 47 | 37.0 | 103 | 42.0 |
| Tumor location | ||||||
| Gallbladder | 66 | 55.9 | 108 | 85.0 | 174 | 71.0 |
| Bile duct | 52 | 44.1 | 19 | 15.0 | 71 | 29.0 |
| TNM stage | ||||||
| I | 9 | 7.6 | 16 | 12.6 | 25 | 10.2 |
| II | 34 | 28.8 | 63 | 49.6 | 97 | 39.6 |
| III | 41 | 34.8 | 33 | 26.0 | 74 | 30.2 |
| IV | 34 | 28.8 | 15 | 11.8 | 49 | 20.0 |
| pT stage | ||||||
| T1 | 6 | 5.1 | 19 | 15.0 | 25 | 10.2 |
| T2 | 39 | 33.1 | 61 | 48.0 | 100 | 40.8 |
| T3 | 47 | 39.8 | 31 | 24.4 | 78 | 31.8 |
| T4 | 26 | 22.0 | 16 | 12.6 | 42 | 17.1 |
| pN stage | ||||||
| N0 | 76 | 64.4 | 96 | 75.6 | 172 | 70.2 |
| N1 + N2 | 42 | 35.6 | 31 | 24.4 | 73 | 29.8 |
| Tumor differentiation | ||||||
| Well‐moderate | 74 | 62.7 | 59 | 46.5 | 133 | 54.3 |
| Poor | 44 | 37.3 | 68 | 53.5 | 112 | 45.7 |
| Surgical margin | ||||||
| Negative | 106 | 89.8 | 115 | 90.6 | 221 | 90.2 |
| Positive | 12 | 10.2 | 12 | 9.4 | 24 | 9.8 |
| Microvascular invasion | ||||||
| Absent | 66 | 55.9 | 83 | 65.4 | 149 | 60.8 |
| Present | 52 | 44.1 | 44 | 34.6 | 96 | 39.2 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | ||||||
| Absent | 84 | 71.2 | 67 | 52.8 | 151 | 61.6 |
| Present | 34 | 28.8 | 60 | 47.2 | 94 | 38.4 |
Results of continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD.
Combined set was generated by combing the training and validation set together.