Table 2. - Case reports of pancreatic involvement due to scorpion sting.
| References | Number of cases | Agea | Scorpion Specie | Initial presentation e | Antivenom | Complications f | Outcome | Pancreatic findings e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartholomew et al., 197035, Trinidad | 30 (20 males) | 9 – 57c | Tityus trinitatis | Sialorrhea (16), abdominal pain (16), vomit (15), reddening and oedema in stung site | No | No | Discharge without symptoms | High amylase level (24), high transaminases levels (5) |
| Sofer et al., 199117, Israel | 15 (9 males) | 1 – 14 | Leiurus quinquestriatus and Buthotus judaicus | Abdominal pain (3), vomit (7), hematemesis (1), respiratory failure (1), hypertension (6), ventricular arrhythmias (1) | No | Respiratory failure (assisted ventilation) and Cardiac abnormalities | 1 death (ventricular arrhythmia) | High level of serum immunoreactive cationic trypsin (13), hyperglycaemia |
| Otero et al., 200436, Colombia | 1 (female) | 3 | Tityus asthenes | Vomit, tachypnoea | b | b | Discharge without symptoms | Acute oedematous pancreatitis |
| Sousa et al., 200737, Venezuela | 2 (2 males) | 8; 13 | Tityus neoespartanas | Local pain in right foot (2), vomit (2), colic-like abdominal pain (2), sialorrhea (2), diaphoresis (2) | 03 vials in the 13 year-old-patient | Cardiac abnormalities and pancreatic microcalcifications (abdominal ultrasound, 1 year later) | Discharge without symptoms | High levels of amylase and lipase, edematous pancreatic pattern (abdominal ultrasound) |
| Mouaffak et al., 201238, Africa | 1 | 11 | Androctonus mauretanicus | Abdominal pain, tachycardia, tachypnoea, agitation, fever | b | Priapism | Discharge without symptoms | Normal abdominal ultrasound |
| Kumar et al., 201213, India | 1 (male) | 8 | b | Autonomic dysfunctions, pulmonary oedema, stung site – right foot without abnormalities | b | Haemorrhagic pancreatitis, myocarditis and pulmonary oedema | Death | Extensive parenchymal pancreatic necrosis accompanied by interstitial haemorrhagic pancreatitis (post- mortem diagnosis) |
a Years old; b Not reported; c Minimum – maximum; d Increase in serum creatinine or decrease in its clearance by more than 50% of standard values was considered as renal failure; e- number of patients with described characteristic were represented between parenthesis; f- haemorrhagic pancreatitis, pseudocyst formations.