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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 28.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2018 Jan 31;118(4):1917–1950. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00534

Figure 19. Application of droplet digital PCR for EV analyses.

Figure 19

The workflow consists of three steps: (a) Making PCR droplets. Aqueous PCR reaction mixture is injected through a microfluidic droplet generator along with surfactant-containing fluorocarbon oil to produce five picoliter droplets. (b) PCR amplification. The droplets are loaded into a standard thermal cycler for endpoint PCR amplification, with single-target-molecule-containing droplets resulting in specific probe hydrolysis (PCR+) and bright fluorescence and the majority of droplets, containing no target molecule, resulting in only background probe fluorescence (PCR−). (c) Each droplet's fluorescence is detected and processed into a two-dimensional scatter plot display. Reprinted with permission from Ref 94. Copyright 2013 American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy.