FIG. 1.

Schematic of the experimental setup. The target particle is placed in the focal plane of the incident beam underneath a scattering sample layer. Fs laser, femtosecond pulse laser; L, lens; BS, beam splitter; HWP, half-wave plate; LP, linear polarizer; Obj, objective; SLM, phase-only spatial light modulator (reflection type); CCD, charge-coupled device; FT, Fourier transform; $k_{\mathit{\text{xout}}}$ and $k_{\mathit{\text{yout}}}$ represent the coordinate values of Fourier spatial frequency of the target area in the focal plane; ${\overrightarrow{k}}_{in}$ is the wave vector related to the incident angle of the collimated beam; $x_{out}$ and $y_{out}$ are the coordinate integer numbers indicating different lateral positions (scanning points) in the focal plane; and $r_{in}$ and $r_{out}$ represent the coordinates in the reflection matrix. Only the phase components are displayed in the measured images and the matrix on the right side.