Table 3.
Paired comparisons of variables between basal, post-swim-up, and post-gradient procedures within each group
| Variable | Unexplained (n = 34) | Male factor (n = 31) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal (n = 34) | Swim-up (n = 34) | Gradient (n = 34) | p* value | Basal (n = 31) | Swim-up (n = 31) | Gradient (n = 31) | p* value | |
| Number of sperm count (n × 106) | 38.8 ± 3.4 | 22.3 ± 3 | – | 0.0001 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | – | 0.0001 |
| 38.8 ± 3.4 | – | 26.4 ± 3.9 | 0.001 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | – | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 0.001 | |
| – | 22.3 ± 3 | 26.4 ± 3.9 | 0.195 | – | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 0.002 | |
| Progressive sperm motility (%) | 48.4 ± 2.6 | 73.9 ± 3 | – | 0.0001 | 39.4 ± 2.8 | 59.5 ± 3.4 | – | 0.0001 |
| 48.4 ± 2.6 | – | 72.2 ± 2.4 | 0.0001 | 39.4 ± 2.8 | – | 55.1 ± 3.3 | 0.0001 | |
| – | 73.9 ± 3 | 72.2 ± 2.4 | 0.293 | – | 59.5 ± 3.4 | 55.1 ± 3.3 | 0.027 | |
| Sperm DNA fragmentation (%) | 41.8 ± 3.7 | 28.5 ± 3.7 | – | 0.0001 | 46.6 ± 3.4 | 30.3 ± 3.2 | – | 0.0001 |
| 41.8 ± 3.7 | – | 38.7 ± 3.8 | 0.160 | 46.6 ± 3.4 | – | 44 ± 3.7 | 0.470 | |
| – | 28.5 ± 3.7 | 38.7 ± 3.8 | 0.0001 | – | 30.3 ± 3.2 | 44 ± 3.7 | 0.0001 | |
Data were presented as mean ± standard error mean (SEM)
*Wilcoxon signed rank test and italicized p values indicate statistical significance