Table 2.

Whole brain analyses using surface-based morphometry.

Cortical regions	Max	VtxMax	Size (mm2)	TalXb	TalYb	TalZb	CWP
Thinner in MDD patientsa
Left hemisphere
inferior parietal and lateral occipital cortices	4.051	27613	2026.93	−40.1	−62.0	6.6	0.0004
superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal cortices	2.640	152852	1948.08	−8.2	2.2	50.3	0.0013
caudal middle frontal cortices	3.084	105971	1511.15	−27.5	5.8	46.4	0.0095
Right hemisphere
superior frontal and medial orbitofrontal cortices	3.002	92871	1978.74	8.0	19.7	41.2	0.0012
precentral cortex	3.376	140561	1929.42	50.4	1.2	36.7	0.0013
inferior parietal and supra-marginal cortices	3.814	33905	1868.01	52.9	−45.0	27.2	0.0015
lateral occipital cortex	4.195	158509	1508.89	47.1	−68.8	12.4	0.0089
Correlation with serum IL-6 level in MDD patientsa
Left hemisphere
triangularis	−4.309	16892	8536.62	−29.5	22.1	9.3	0.0001
superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal, and paracentral cortices	−3.701	64159	3064.38	−13.5	44.6	1.0	0.0001
parahippocampal cortex	−4.928	70540	2386.87	−28.1	−30.6	−14.5	0.0001
rostral middle frontal cortex	−2.691	149979	1498.34	−22.1	38.7	19.7	0.0168
middle temporal cortex	−4.576	24712	1421.53	−47.2	−33.3	−4.9	0.0218
Right hemisphere
caudal middle frontal cortex, insula, and opercularis	−4.132	23947	5844.73	31.1	17.1	9.8	0.0001
superior and middle temporal cortices	−4.777	163449	5260.70	47.2	−21.7	−10.2	0.0001
superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal, and cingulate cortices	−4.888	12712	3690.45	13.6	−40.6	32.6	0.0001
parahippocampal cortex	−4.470	9976	2465.30	32.1	−29.5	−13.9	0.0001

MDD, major depressive disorder; CWP = opercularis clusterwise p value.

^aSignificantly thinner cortical regions and IL-6-associated regions in MDD patients were detected using FreeSurfer v 6.0. p < 0.05 (Monte-Carlo simulation).

^bBased on Talairach and Toumoux system.