Table 2.
Factors affecting the anti-α-Gal response at month 3.
| Antibody | Age* | Age cohort | Sex | Site | WAZ | HAZ | Hb | Exposure index | Maternal index | Prior episode† | Seasonǂ | Vaccine | IgG at M0 | IgM at M0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | Coef(CI) p-val | |
| IgG | 4.16 (3.31;5.02) <0.001 | 403.47 (237.49;651.09) <0.001 | −13.71 (−45.39;36.34) 1 | 76.7 (11.52;180) 0.047 | −17.01 (−32.47;2) 0.38 | −4.84 (−22.02;16.12) 1 | −0.2 (−15.32;17.62) 1 | 6.24 (0.64;12.16) 0.14 | −7.33 (−12.39;1.97) 0.03 | 17.99 (−43.6;146.87) 1 | −10.38 (−66.78;141.74) 1 | 3.12 (−36.44;67.29) 1 | 449.62 (328.11;605.61) <0.001 | 138.22 (93.47;193.33) <0.001 |
| IgG1 | 2.64 (1.65;3.64) <0.001 | 189.97 (84.24;356.36) <0.001 | 2.49 (−36.25;64.75) 1 | 91.76 (19.18;208.53) 0.03 | −6.95 (−24.97;15.41) 1 | −6.96 (−24.32;14.39) 1 | −1.56 (−16.97;16.72) 1 | 2.07 (−3.56;8.03) 1 | −9.13 (−15.43;−2.35) 0.03 | −20.31 (−62.92;71.25) 1 | 26.21 (−54.86;252.9) 1 | −28.76 (−56.76;17.38) 1 | 189.1 (108.36;301.14) <0.001 | 75.7 (38.54;122.82) <0.001 |
| IgG2 | 3.15 (2.2;4.11) <0.001 | 173.79 (75.41;327.35) <0.001 | −17.39 (−48.12;31.52) 1 | 7.01 (−33.26;71.6) 0.78 | −7.91 (−25.31;13.53) 1 | −9.31 (−25.68;10.67) 1 | −1.6 (−16.44;15.87) 1 | 1.85 (−3.48;7.47) 1 | 0.02 (−5.72;6.11) 0.99 | 18.53 (−44.13;151.47) 1 | 2.8 (−62.52;181.97) 1 | −3.38 (−40.82;57.75) 1 | 332.76 (225.44;475.47) <0.001 | 70.85 (35.43;115.53) <0.001 |
| IgG3 | 0.84 (0.6;1.08) <0.001 | 54.04 (38.41;71.44) <0.001 | −2.26 (−13.52;10.48) 1 | 31.71 (16.96;48.32) <0.001 | 0.22 (−5.2;5.96) 1 | 2.72 (−2.61;8.33) 1 | −2.44 (−6.62;1.92) 1 | −0.06 (−1.51;1.42) 1 | −2.89 (−4.56;−1.19) 0.004 | −12.81 (−28.38;6.13) 1 | −10.96 (−31.68;16.05) 1 | 2.39 (−10.03;16.54) 1 | 15.29 (5.29;26.25) 0.007 | 21.22 (14.32;28.54) <0.001 |
| IgG4 | 0.77 (0.56;0.98) <0.001 | 43.15 (29.89;57.77) <0.001 | −3.69 (−13.62;7.39) 1 | 23.74 (11.18;37.72) <0.001 | 1.64 (−3.26;6.79) 1 | 2.51 (−2.23;7.49) 1 | −2.71 (−6.42;1.15) 0.68 | 0.26 (−1.04;1.57) 1 | −2.98 (−4.34;−1.6) <0.001 | −11.52 (−25.72;5.39) 0.85 | −14.58 (−32.47;8.07) 0.94 | 3.18 (−8.03;15.77) 1 | 10.14 (1.51;19.51) 0.03 | 18.13 (12.09;24.49) <0.001 |
| IgM | 4.3 (3.56;5.05) <0.001 | 609.34 (412.38;882) <0.001 | −36.58 (−58.33;−3.48) 0.2 | 102.99 (33.11;209.54) 0.006 | −21.63 (−35.18;−5.24) 0.07 | 4.85 (−12.83;26.11) 1 | −16.45 (−28.11;−2.9) 0.12 | 10.6 (5.32;16.13) <0.001 | −18.4 (−23.63;−12.82) <0.001 | −23.5 (−61.42;51.67) 1 | −57.25 (−82.84;6.54) 0.41 | 14.99 (−26.58;80.09) 1 | 49.35 (8.7;105.2) 0.03 | 208.53 (163.58;261.14) <0.001 |
Multivariable linear models including phase 3 participants from both age groups and sites together. The coefficients indicate % change for a unit change in the predictor (95% confidence intervals [CI]). P-values are adjusted for multiple testing through Benjamini-Hochberg and Holm; those significant are in bold.
*Continous age in weeks. Age cohort (children vs infants). Sex (male vs female). Site (Manhiça vs Kintampo). WAZ (Weight-for-Age Z-score). HAZ (Height-for-Age Z-score). Hb (Baseline hemoglobin (g/dL). Exposure index (baseline anti-P. falciparum exposure IgM levels). Maternal index (baseline maternally transferred antibodies). †Malaria episode between month 0 and month 3 (yes vs no). ǂMalaria transmission season at month 3 sample collection (low vs high). Vaccine (RTS,S vs comparator).