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. 2018 Jul 3;8:10021. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27607-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of the hexane-isopropanolic extract (HIET) of Tungrymbai on the protein and mRNA expressions of different signaling molecules involved in lipid metabolism in palmitate (PA)-treated hepatocytes. (A) Phospho AMPK/AMPK protein expression; (B) SREBP1 protein expression; (C) SREBF1 mRNA; (D) SREBP2 protein expression; (E) SREBF2 mRNA; (F) FAS protein expression; (G) FAS mRNA; (H) phospho ACC/ACC protein expression; (I) ACACA mRNA; (J) phospho HMGCR/HMGCR protein expression; (K) HMGCR mRNA; (L) PPARα protein expression; (M) PPARA mRNA; (N) CPT1A protein expression; (O) CPT1A mRNA; (P) UCP2 protein expression; and (Q) UCP2 mRNA. The blots are representatives of three independent experiments. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure 2. Cells were pre-treated with HIET (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 µg/mL) for 2 h followed by PA (0.75 mM) exposure for the next 20 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SE. “*” Denotes the significant difference from untreated (*p < 0.05) and “#” denotes the significant difference from PA-treated groups (^#p < 0.05).