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. 2018 Jul 3;8:10021. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27607-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of the hexane-isopropanolic extract of Tungrymbai, HIET on the protein expressions of different signaling molecules involved in lipid metabolism in palmitate (PA)-treated hepatocytes after transfection with either AMPK or control siRNA (100 nM). (A) AMPK; (B) SREBP1; (C) SREBP2; (D) FAS; (E) phospho ACC/ACC; (F) phospho HMGCR/HMGCR; (G) PPARα; (H) CPT1A; and (I) UCP2 protein expression in AMPK siRNA transfected cells. (J) Phospho AMPK/AMPK, phospho ACC/ACC, phospho HMGCR/HMGCR, and UCP2 protein expression in control siRNA transfected cells. The blots are representatives of three independent experiments. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure 3. Cells transfected with either AMPK or control siRNA were treated with HIET (0.3 µg/mL) for 2 h followed by PA (0.75 mM) exposure for the next 20 h. Control siRNA is a scrambled nonspecific RNA duplex that shares no sequence homology with any of the genes. Data are expressed as mean ± SE. “*” Denotes the significant difference from untreated (*p < 0.05).