Table 3.
Joint angles for the ankle, knee and hip joint in degrees (mean ± s.d.). ROM, range of motion; DF, dorsiflexion; PF, plantarflexion; Ext, extension. Values in italics are significant p-values.
| parameter | young | adult | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ankle (°) | Max DF | 37.06 ± 5.53 | 36.32 ± 7.34 | 0.729 |
| ROM DF | 14.87 ± 3.47 | 14.66 ± 2.44 | 0.843 | |
| Max PF | −13.90 ± 7.68a | −22.73 ± 6.44 | <0.001 | |
| ROM PF | 50.96 ± 9.39a | 59.05 ± 7.40 | 0.008 | |
| knee (°) | Min Ext | −69.42 ± 7.80 | −68.90 ± 7.97 | 0.843 |
| Max Ext | −11.19 ± 7.83 | −8.81 ± 4.28 | 0.281 | |
| ROM Ext | 58.24 ± 6.10 | 60.09 ± 7.24 | 0.403 | |
| hip (°) | Min Ext | 61.24 ± 13.27 | 59.56 ± 11.15 | 0.686 |
| Max Ext | −8.21 ± 9.38 | −4.94 ± 6.68 | 0.245 | |
| ROM | 69.45 ± 9.53 | 64.50 ± 13.08 | 0.191 |
aDifferent from adult (p < 0.05).