Fig. 1. Schematic depicting how targeted liposomes can improve T cell therapy by remodeling the microenvironment created by solid tumors.

We engineered lipid nanocarriers to deliver two therapeutics into tumors: one of them removes pro-tumor cell populations (“releasing the brakes”), while the other stimulates key anti-tumor effector cells (“stepping on the gas”). After immune suppression at the tumor site has been minimized and functional support has been maximized, tumor-specific CAR-T cells are administered; they can then home to the lesion, undergo robust expansion, and effect tumor regression.