Table 1.

Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Hyperammonemic Neonates Treated with ECMO versus Traditional Medical Management

	Non-ECMO, n (%) (n = 12)	ECMO, n (%) (n = 13)	All, n (%) (n = 25)	P-value*
Gender				0.688
Male	4 (33.3%)	6 (46.2%)	10 (40%)
Female	8 (66.7%)	7 (53.8%)	15 (60%)
Race				0.723
White	10 (83.3%)	12 (92.3%)	22 (88%)
Black	1 (8.3%)	1 (7.7%)	2 (8%)
Other	1 (8.3%)	0	1 (4%)
Gestational age, median weeks (IQR)	38.6 (37.3–39.1)	37.3 (36.7–38.8)	38.1 (37.0–39.0)	0.716
Birthweight, median grams (IQR)	3359 (2765–3775)	2750 (2234–3079)	2928 (2545–3384)	0.255
Symptoms at presentation				0.015
Somnolence, lethargy, seizures	4 (33.3%)	9 (69.2%)	13 (52%)
Other	3 (25.0%)	4 (30.8%)	7 (28%)
None	5 (41.7%)	0	5 (20%)
Newborn screen				0.320
Positive	6 (50%)	4 (30.8%)	10 (40%)
Negative	4 (33.3%)	3 (23.1%)	7 (28%)
Not performed	2 (16.7%)	6 (46.2%)	8 (32%)
Hyperammonemia etiology				0.340
Urea cycle disorder	6 (50.0%)	10 (76.9%)	16 (64%)
Organic acidemia	1 (8.3%)	1 (7.7%)	2 (8%)
Unknown	5 (41.7%)	2 (15.4%)	7 (28%)
Age at presentation, median days (IQR)	5 (3–26)	3 (2–5)	4 (2–6)	0.113
First Ammonia Level, μmol/L, median (IQR)	159 (93–244)	998 (902–1476)	591 (205–1041)	0.006
Peak Ammonia Level, μmol/L, median (IQR)	212 (110–410)	1041 (902–1581)	591 (219–1121)	0.009
Time to normalization of ammonia level, median hours (IQR)	28.8 (6.0–43.9)	7.3 (3.6–13.5)	9.1 (4.7–22.0)	0.052
Liver Transplantation				0.096
Yes	0	4 (30.8%)	4 (16%)
No	0	9 (69.2%)	9 (36%)

^*Fisher’s Exact Test for categorical variables and generalized linear regression models for linear variables with comparison groups of Non-ECMO versus ECMO