Figure 1.

The diversity of AMS in Phasmatodea (a–h) and the corresponding mathematically modelled Turing patterns (a′–h′). (a,a′) Smooth type, Orthomeria pandora (Aschiphasmatinae). (b,b′) Undulating type, Kalocorinnis wegneri (Korrinninae). (c,c′) Maze type, Leosthenes aquatilis (Xeroderinae). (d,d′) Small nubs, Mearnsiana bullosa (Obriminae). (e,e′) Big nubs, Hemiplasta falcata (Necrosciinae). (f,f′) Flat pad type, Necroscia annulipes (Necrosciinae). (g,g′) Ridges, Argosarchus horridus (Phasmatinae). (h,h′) Plateau type, Epidares nolimetangere (Dataminae). Scale bars: (a–h) 5 µm. Size of simulated area (a′–h′) 256 × 256 px.