Fig. 7.

Prevascularization promoted endogenous cell-mediated angiogenesis in TEBG. Fibrin content increased at early stage of vascular implantation, and reticular formation of fibrin provided scaffold for endogenous cell infiltration and created a tubular connection between pores. In addition, prevascularization improved expression of CTGF, and then promoted collagen synthesis and angiogenesis (left panel). In the later stage, these tubular connections transformed into vWF⁺ capillary-like structures with type III collagen deposition, eventually increasing number of new blood vessels (right panel). CTGF connective tissue growth factor