Table 1.
Characteristics for survey participants and bivariate associations between IPV and demographic and psychosocial factors
| Participant characteristics | Total (n = 376) n (%) | Intimate Partner Violence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (n = 58) n (%) | Negative (n = 318) n (%) | ||
| Age: 18–24 years | 146 (39) | 28 (49) | 118 (37) |
| 25 29 years | 114 (30) | 21 (36) | 93 (29) |
| > 29 years | 116 (31) | 9 (15) | 107 (34)* |
| Parity: Nulliparous | 122 (32) | 23 (40) | 99 (31) |
| Primiparous | 128 (34) | 19 (33) | 109 (34) |
| Secundiparous | 83 (22) | 9 (15) | 74 (23) |
| Multiparous | 43 (11) | 7 (12) | 36 (12) |
| Gravida: Primigravida | 96 (26) | 18 (32) | 78 (24) |
| Secundigravida | 114 (30) | 20 (34) | 94 (30) |
| Multigravida | 166 (45) | 20 (34) | 146 (46) |
| Gestation: 1st trimester | 96(32) | 14 (32) | 82 (32) |
| 2nd trimester | 175 (58) | 27 (61) | 148 (58) |
| 3rd trimester | 29 (10) | 3 (7) | 26 (10) |
| Education level (≥Grade 10) | 225 (60) | 36 (62) | 189 (59) |
| Working currently | 159 (42) | 16 (28) | 143 (45)* |
| Socio Economic Status: Least poor | 94 (25) | 16 (28) | 78 (25) |
| Poor | 94 (25) | 15 (26) | 79 (25) |
| Very poor | 96 (26) | 11 (19) | 85 (27) |
| Poorest | 91 (24) | 16 (28) | 75 (24) |
| Food insecure | 158 (42) | 36 (62) | 122 (38)** |
| Relationship type: Married | 146 (39) | 14 (24) | 132 (42) |
| Stable partner | 192 (51) | 38 (66) | 154 (49) |
| Casual partner | 16 (4) | 2 (3) | 14 (4) |
| Single | 22 (6) | 4 (7) | 16 (5) |
| Perceived support from family | 23 (5) | 21.86 (SD 5.23)a | 22.66 (SD 5.04)a |
| Perceived support from friends | 20 (7) | 18.34 (SD 6.80)a | 20.30 (SD 6.70)a |
| Perceived support from “special person” | 24 (4) | 22.62a (SD 4.87)a | 24.33a (SD 3.68)a |
| Past abuseb | 89(24) | 29 (50) | 60 (19)** |
| Not pleased with pregnancy | 81 (22) | 23 (40) | 58 (18)** |
| Major Depressive Episode (MDE) | 81 (22) | 23 (40) | 58 (18)** |
| Any anxiety disorder | 86 (23) | 21 (36) | 65 (20)* |
| Suicidal Ideation or Behaviour (SIB) | 69 (18) | 18 (31) | 51 (16)* |
| Alcohol and other drug use (AoD) | 65 (17) | 17 (29) | 48 (15)* |
| History of mental health problems | 57 (15) | 14 (24) | 43 (14)* |
*significant at p ≤ 0.05, **significant at p ≤ 0.01
a mean score
bFrom item on RFA “I have experienced some kind of abuse in the past e.g. physical, emotional, sexual, rape”