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A schematic representation of the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. The ubiquitin-activating enzyme-E1 activates ubiquitin, which is then transferred to a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-E2. The ubiquitin-protein ligase-E3 binds to E2 and to protein substrate which becomes polyubiquitinated and subsequently degraded by the proteasome, generating short peptides and free ubiquitin that can be further reused.
