Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of a Type 1 Diabetes Cohort by 25-Year Total Cardiovascular Disease Incidence Status (n = 561 Persons Free of Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease at Baseline)a, Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, 1986–1988
| Incident CVD (n = 263) | No CVD (n = 298) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | No. of Persons | % | Mean (SD) | No. of Persons | % | |
| Age, years | 29.9 (7.4) | 24.3 (7.0) | ||||
| Duration of diabetes, years | 21.5 (7.4) | 16.2 (6.4) | ||||
| Age at diabetes onset, years | 8.4 (3.9) | 8.1 (4.3) | ||||
| Female sex | 130 | 49.4 | 147 | 49.3 | ||
| Nonwhite race | 5 | 1.9 | 7 | 2.4 | ||
| Body mass indexb | 23.8 (3.2) | 23.3 (3.2) | ||||
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.84 (0.07) | 0.81 (0.07) | ||||
| Hemoglobin A1c level, % | 8.78 (1.50) | 8.71 (1.53) | ||||
| Cholesterol level, mg/dL | ||||||
| HDL cholesterol | 53.7 (12.6) | 54.9 (12.0) | ||||
| Non-HDL cholesterol | 146.5 (42.8) | 122.7 (34.8) | ||||
| Triglyceride level, mg/dLc | 88.5 (65–131) | 75.0 (56–102) | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 116.3 (16.2) | 109.0 (11.4) | ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74.1 (11.6) | 70.6 (9.6) | ||||
| Use of blood pressure medication | 37 | 14.1 | 3.2% (9) | 9 | 3.0 | |
| Hypertensiond | 59 | 22.4 | 5.4% (16) | 16 | 5.4 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 15.0 (1.7) | 15.3 (1.5) | ||||
| White blood cell count, cells × 103/μL | 6.77 (1.97) | 6.17 (1.56) | ||||
| Serum creatinine level, mg/dL | 1.11 (1.18) | 0.90 (0.61) | ||||
| Albumin excretion rate, μg/minutec | 27.8 (8.8–406.3) | 10.9 (6.3–28.7) | ||||
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/minute/1.73 m2 | 98.4 (33.2) | 111.7 (28.4) | ||||
| Insulin dose, units/kg of body weight | 0.77 (0.27) | 0.81 (0.24) | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoker | 148 | 56.3 | 209 | 70.1 | ||
| Former smoker | 47 | 17.9 | 33 | 11.1 | ||
| Current smoker | 68 | 25.9 | 56 | 18.8 | ||
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.
a Total n = 658 persons examined at study baseline; 97 were excluded due to prevalent CVD at baseline.
b Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
c Values are expressed as median (interquartile range).
d Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of blood-pressure–lowering medication.