Table 2.
Estimated Coefficients for Time to Total Cardiovascular Disease From a Joint Model With a Quadratic Longitudinal Hemoglobin A1c Submodel and a Cox Survival Submodel, Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, 1986–2014
| Submodel and Covariate | Estimatea | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | ||
| Longitudinal HbA1c level | ||
| Intercept | 8.88 | 8.74, 8.98 |
| Time, years | 0.05 | 0.02, 0.08 |
| Time2 | −0.005 | −0.007, −0.004 |
| Cox survival | ||
| Association parameter | 0.26 | 0.07, 0.40 |
| Model 2c | ||
| Longitudinal HbA1c level | ||
| Intercept | 8.09 | 7.70, 8.43 |
| Time, years | 0.05 | 0.02, 0.08 |
| Time2 | −0.005 | −0.007, −0.003 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration | −0.03 | −0.05, −0.02 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.008, 0.01 |
| Hypertension | −0.32 | −0.67, 0.009 |
| Cox survival | ||
| Type 1 diabetes duration | 0.07 | 0.05, 0.09 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.005, 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 0.56 | 0.16, 0.93 |
| ln(AER) | 0.16 | 0.07, 0.22 |
| White blood cell count | 0.09 | 0.03, 0.17 |
| Association parameter | 0.23 | 0.07, 0.37 |
| Model 3d | ||
| Longitudinal HbA1c level | ||
| Intercept | 7.82 | 7.39, 8.29 |
| Time, years | 0.05 | 0.02, 0.08 |
| Time2 | −0.006 | −0.008, −0.004 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration | −0.04 | −0.05, −0.02 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.006, 0.013 |
| ln(AER) | 0.11 | 0.04, 0.17 |
| Cox survival | ||
| Type 1 diabetes duration | 0.08 | 0.05, 0.10 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.006, 0.01 |
| ln(AER) | 0.24 | 0.17, 0.33 |
| Association parameter | 0.12 | −0.006, 0.28 |
Abbreviations: AER, albumin excretion rate; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
a Per unit (see Table 1).
b Unadjusted.
c Adjusted for baseline levels of CVD risk factors.
d Adjusted for updated mean levels of CVD risk factors.