Table 3.
Estimated Coefficients for Time to Specific Manifestations of Cardiovascular Disease From Joint Models With a Quadratic Longitudinal Hemoglobin A1c Submodel and a Cox Survival Submodel, Adjusted for Baseline Covariates, Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, 1986–2014
| Submodel and Covariate | Estimatea | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Coronary Artery Disease | ||
| Longitudinal HbA1c level | ||
| Intercept | 8.05 | 7.60, 8.40 |
| Time, years | 0.05 | 0.02, 0.08 |
| Time2 | −0.005 | −0.007, −0.004 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration | −0.03 | −0.04, −0.02 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.009 | 0.005, 0.01 |
| Hypertension | −0.45 | −0.80, −0.14 |
| ln(AER) | 0.08 | 0.02, 0.12 |
| Cox survival | ||
| Type 1 diabetes duration | 0.09 | 0.07, 0.11 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.008 | 0.005, 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 0.50 | 0.09, 0.91 |
| ln(AER) | 0.15 | 0.05, 0.23 |
| Association parameter | 0.20 | 0.03, 0.36 |
| Stroke | ||
| Longitudinal HbA1c level | ||
| Intercept | 8.19 | 7.86, 8.51 |
| Time, years | 0.05 | 0.03, 0.08 |
| Time2 | −0.006 | −0.007, −0.005 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration | −0.02 | −0.04, −0.04 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.007, 0.01 |
| Hypertension | −0.38 | −0.68, −0.17 |
| Cox survival | ||
| Type 1 diabetes duration | 0.08 | 0.04, 0.11 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.007, 0.02 |
| ln(AER) | 0.26 | 0.09, 0.37 |
| Association parameter | 0.62 | 0.28, 0.92 |
| Lower-Extremity Arterial Disease | ||
| Longitudinal HbA1c level | ||
| Intercept | 8.27 | 7.94, 8.62 |
| Time, years | 0.05 | 0.02, 0.08 |
| Time2 | −0.005 | −0.007, −0.004 |
| Type 1 diabetes duration | −0.03 | −0.05, −0.02 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.009 | 0.007, 0.012 |
| Cox survival | ||
| Type 1 diabetes duration | 0.06 | 0.05, 0.09 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level | 0.01 | 0.008, 0.016 |
| Association parameter | 0.23 | 0.04, 0.32 |
Abbreviations: AER, albumin excretion rate; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
a Per unit (see Table 1).