Figure 1.

(A) Experimental protocol of the CTA on BALB/c 3T3. Cells were seeded at 1 × 10⁴ cells/plate and treated 24 h after the seeding. After 3 days, the medium was changed with culture medium. After 31–32 days, the cells were fixed and stained. A concurrent cytotoxicity assay was performed to evaluate the cell survival after the chemical treatment. (B) Integrated experimental approach. Cells were seeded and treated. At the selected time points, RNA was extracted, and microarray experiments were performed. A set of plates for each treatment were maintained in culture for the CTA. The foci formation served as the phenotypic anchoring of the microarray results. GeneSpring GX software (Agilent Technologies) was employed for the statistical analysis of microarray experiments, whereas MetaCore (Thomson Reuters, https://portal.genego.com/) was used for the biological analysis.