Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus
| Characteristic | Women | Men | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV+ (N = 291) | HIV− (N = 107) | HIV+ (N = 229) | HIV− (N = 110) | |
| Age, years | 42 (38–46) | 42 (38–47) | 46 (43–50) | 47 (45–54) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White/Other | 9 | 5 | 56 | 64 |
| Hispanic | 31 | 27 | 11 | 10 |
| African American | 60 | 68 | 33 | 26 |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 40 | 33 | 9 | 5 |
| High school | 30 | 31 | 14 | 15 |
| College and above | 30 | 36 | 77 | 81 |
| Annual income <$30000 per year | 84 | 83 | 52 | 36 |
| Current smoking | 47 | 60 | 36 | 23 |
| Current alcohol use | ||||
| Abstainer | 57 | 42 | 22 | 10 |
| Light (<3 drinks/week, WIHS; 1–3, MACS) | 33 | 30 | 54 | 53 |
| Moderate (3–13, WIHS; 4–13, MACS) | 7 | 19 | 19 | 30 |
| Heavier (14+ drinks/week) | 3 | 9 | 5 | 7 |
| Current crack/cocaine use | 8 | 18 | 15 | 8 |
| History of injection drug use | 31 | 26 | 11 | 3 |
| History of hepatitis C infection | 34 | 22 | 15 | 6 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.2 (24.1–31.5) | 29.1 (24.8–34.4) | 25.1 (22.6–28.1) | 25.8 (23.8–28.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 115 (106–124) | 116 (105–126) | 122 (115–129) | 126 (117–132) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74 (67–81) | 72 (66–80) | 73 (68–78) | 74 (69–80) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 175 (152–207) | 182 (160–203) | 187 (156–213) | 198 (172–222) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 47 (38–57) | 56 (46–66) | 43 (36–52) | 49 (42–58) |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 17 | 10 | 16 | 17 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use | 4 | 0 | 23 | 14 |
| HIV-specific characteristics | ||||
| CD4+ T-cell count, cells/mm3 | 438 (289–619) | n/a | 519 (359–689) | n/a |
| HIV-1 viral load, copies/mL | 160 (80–4700) | n/a | 40 (40–1280) | n/a |
| Undetectable viral load (≤80 copies/mL) | 46 | n/a | 66 | n/a |
| Highly active ART use in past 6 months | 74 | n/a | 83 | n/a |
| Cumulative exposure of potent ART, years | 3.5 (2.0–6.5) | n/a | 4.9 (2.4–7.3) | n/a |
| of protease inhibitors, years | 2.5 (0–4.5) | n/a | 2.5 (0–6.1) | n/a |
| of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, years | 1.0 (0–3) | n/a | 1.5 (0–4.3) | n/a |
| of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, years | 5.5 (2.5–8.5) | n/a | 6.4 (3.1–8.8) | n/a |
Data are median (interquartile range) or %, assessed at baseline unless otherwise noted.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MACS, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; n/a, not applicable; WIHS, Women’s Interagency HIV Study.