Table 3.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Among Cardiogenic Shock: Procedures

Procedure class for inpatient	Count (N = 992)	Percent (95% CI)
Minor diagnostic	534	53.8 (47.8–59.7)
Minor therapeutic	884	89.1 (84.6–92.4)
Major diagnostic	62	6.2 (3.8–10.1)
Major therapeutic	992	100
Specific procedures using CCS codes	Count (N = 992)	Percent (95% CI)
Circulator system procedures
Extracorporeal circulation auxiliary to open heart proceduresa	992	100
Other operating room heart proceduresb	510	51.4 (45.3–57.5)
Diagnostic cardiac catheterization; coronary arteriography	231	23.3 (18.6–28.9)
Conversion of cardiac rhythm	183	18.4 (14.4–23.3)
Heart valve procedures	179	18.1 (13.9–23.1)
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)	150	15.1 (11.5–19.6)
Other non-operating room therapeutic cardiovascular procedures	123	12.4 (9.0–16.9)
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)	113	11.4 (8.1–15.8)
Echocardiogram	107	10.8 (7.6–15.3)
Swan-Ganz catheterization for monitoring	102	10.2 (7.2–14.4)
Blood transfusion	220	22.2 (17.9–27.2)
Respiratory system procedures
Respiratory intubation and mechanical ventilation	562	56.7 (50.5–62.7)
Other operating room procedures on respiratory system and mediastinum	182	18.4 (14.0–23.7)
Diagnostic bronchoscopy and biopsy of bronchus	135	13.6 (10.0–18.3)
Tracheostomy; temporary and permanent	111	11.2 (7.8–15.9)
Other procedures
Other operating room proceduresb	365	36.8 (31.1–42.9)
Other vascular catheterization; not heart	330	33.3 (27.8–39.3)
Other therapeutic proceduresc	207	20.9 (16.5–26.1)

^aThis CCS procedure code also includes ICD-9 procedure code 39.65 for ECMO procedures

^bExamples include operations on valves and septa of the heart, heart vessels, and the heart and pericardium

^cSpecifically procedures on vessels other than head/neck

^dNervous, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal procedures not otherwise specified