Table 4.
Comparison of Study Groups Stratified by Outcome (Mortality)
| Survival to Discharge (N = 506) |
Mortality (N = 486) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical Variablesa | Count | Percent (95% CI) | Count | Percent (95% CI) | p-value |
| Season of admission | |||||
| Winter | 85 | 17.4 (11.7–25.2) | 138 | 29.2 (21.8–37.8) | 0.006 |
| Spring | 104 | 21.3 (15.0–29.1) | 140 | 29.7 (22.2–38.5) | |
| Summer | 140 | 28.7 (21.3–37.5) | 119 | 25.2 (18.2–34.0) | |
| Autumn | 159 | 32.6 (25.6–40.3) | 75 | 15.9 (10.3–23.7) | |
| Chronic conditions | 506 | 100 | 487 | 100 | |
| Respiratory system | 389 | 76.9 (69.1–83.2) | 431 | 88.6 (81.4–93.3) | 0.014 |
| Injury and poisoning | 375 | 74.2 (65.9–81.0) | 242 | 49.7 (41.1–58.3) | < 0.001 |
| Genitourinary system | 305 | 60.4 (51.7–68.4) | 419 | 86.0 (79.6–90.7) | < 0.001 |
| Digestive system | 178 | 35.3 (27.5–43.9) | 236 | 48.5 (39.8–57.3) | 0.034 |
| Nervous system & sense organs | 127 | 25.1 (18.4–33.4) | 186 | 38.2 (30.1–46.9) | 0.025 |
| Injury diagnosis | |||||
| No injury diagnoses | 392 | 77.7 (69.3–84.3) | 459 | 94.3 (88.7–97.2) | < 0.001 |
| Injury is reported | 113 | 22.3 (15.7–30.7) | 28 | 5.7 (2.8–11.3) | |
| Procedures | |||||
| Other operating room proceduresb | 225 | 44.5 (36.0–53.3) | 140 | 28.8 (21.4–37.6) | 0.012 |
| Tracheostomyc | 82 | 16.1 (10.5–23.9) | 30 | 6.1 (3.0–12.1) | 0.015 |
| Echocardiogram | 36 | 7.1 (3.8–12.9) | 71 | 14.7 (9.5–22.0) | 0.05 |
| Continuous Variablesd | Count | Mean (95% CI) | Count | Mean (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age (years) | 506 | 49.5 (46.8–52.1) | 487 | 52.1 (49.3–54.9) | 0.009 |
| Total chargese (USD) | 501 | 695,089.0 (560,971.1-829,206.8) | 487 | 480,927.5 (398,015.8-563,839.2) | < 0.001 |
| Length of stay (days) | 506 | 28.8 (24.4–33.1) | 487 | 14.6 (11.5–17.6) | < 0.001 |
aThe p-values for the categorical variables were calculated using the Rao-Scott chi-square test of the complex sample procedure
bSpecifically procedures on vessels other than head and neck
cTemporary and permanent
dThe p-values for the continuous variables were calculated using the general linear model of the complex sample procedure
eTotal charges are for accumulated ED and Inpatient services