Table 1.
Patients with atrial fibrillation: selected baseline characteristics of patients and comorbidities in the QResearch and Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) cohorts. Values are percentages (numbers) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | QResearch | CPRD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warfarin | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Warfarin | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | ||
| Total no of patients | 53 921 | 4534 | 13 597 | 9199 | 16 664 | 1003 | 2950 | 1402 | |
| Median (interquartile range) days of treatment | 344 (150-714) | 271 (89-627) | 265 (97-496) | 248 (100-440) | 286 (135-589) | 214 (87-479) | 163 (69-328) | 143 (60-295) | |
| Sex: | |||||||||
| Men | 55.5 (29 913) | 58.0 (2629) | 54.4 (7391) | 51.8 (4764) | 55.7 (9278) | 61.5 (617) | 54.1 (1596) | 54.9 (769) | |
| Women | 44.5 (24 008) | 42.0 (1905) | 45.6 (6206) | 48.2 (4435) | 44.3 (7386) | 38.5 (386) | 45.9 (1354) | 45.1 (633) | |
| Mean (SD) age at baseline | 74.8 (10.4) | 74.7 (10.7) | 75.8 (10.9) | 76.5 (10.9) | 74.8 (10.3) | 74.4 (10.8) | 75.9 (10.8) | 76.6 (10.9) | |
| Comorbidities at baseline: | |||||||||
| Alcohol dependence | 2.4 (1285) | 3.2 (143) | 2.9 (388) | 3.1 (286) | 2.2 (365) | 2.9 (29) | 2.8 (83) | 3.4 (48) | |
| Bleeding disorders | 0.9 (486) | 0.8 (38) | 1.0 (136) | 1.1 (102) | 1.2 (193) | 1.0 (10) | 1.5 (43) | 1.4 (20) | |
| Cancer (any) | 12.1 (6530) | 12.5 (567) | 13.3 (1806) | 13.1 (1205) | 12.4 (2073) | 11.2 (112) | 12.9 (382) | 12.8 (179) | |
| Chronic liver disease or pancreatitis | 1.1 (582) | 1.4 (62) | 1.4 (187) | 1.3 (120) | 0.9 (155) | 1.7 (17) | 1.6 (46) | 0.9 (13) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 9.9 (5355) | 8.4 (382) | 9.7 (1314) | 10.0 (920) | 9.5 (1586) | 9.6 (96) | 9.7 (287) | 8.1 (114) | |
| Chronic renal disease | 2.8 (1487) | 1.0 (45) | 1.6 (224) | 2.1 (195) | 2.9 (483) | 1.5 (15) | 2.0 (60) | 1.9 (27) | |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 14.1 (7595) | 11.1 (502) | 11.4 (1553) | 12.8 (1173) | 13.4 (2227) | 11.1 (111) | 11.0 (324) | 14.9 (209) | |
| Coronary heart disease | 25.3 (13 625) | 22.0 (997) | 22.1 (3005) | 24.3 (2234) | 25.5 (4251) | 23.0 (231) | 21.1 (622) | 25.1 (352) | |
| Diabetes | 19.0 (10 255) | 17.3 (784) | 17.9 (2435) | 19.3 (1772) | 17.9 (2979) | 16.7 (167) | 18.0 (530) | 19.0 (267) | |
| Dyspepsia | 18.0 (9684) | 18.0 (817) | 18.6 (2523) | 19.1 (1759) | 26.1 (4355) | 25.4 (255) | 26.9 (795) | 24.8 (348) | |
| Falls or hip fracture* | 7.6 (4124) | 7.1 (322) | 7.5 (1015) | 8.2 (756) | 6.0 (992) | 4.9 (49) | 6.7 (199) | 6.6 (92) | |
| Hip or knee operation* | 0.6 (319) | 0.9 (40) | 1.0 (131) | 0.6 (59) | 1.5 (246) | 1.2 (12) | 1.7 (51) | 1.8 (25) | |
| Hypertension | 62.2 (33 555) | 60.6 (2746) | 59.2 (8053) | 59.9 (5513) | 62.3 (10 383) | 59.9 (601) | 62.1 (1833) | 62.8 (881) | |
| Ischaemic stroke† | 18.1 (9752) | 22.0 (999) | 16.8 (2290) | 22.7 (2091) | 18.0 (3001) | 23.5 (236) | 19.7 (582) | 28.2 (396) | |
| Oesophageal varices | 0.1 (51) | 0.1 (6) | 0.1 (11) | 0.1 (11) | 0.1 (9) | NA | NA | NA | |
| Peptic ulcer | 7.5 (4065) | 7.4 (336) | 7.1 (971) | 8.4 (772) | 8.3 (1380) | 7.9 (79) | 8.8 (260) | 9.6 (135) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 12.2 (6553) | 9.4 (428) | 8.8 (1191) | 10.6 (975) | 9.8 (1630) | 7.2 (72) | 6.6 (196) | 9.1 (127) | |
| Venous thromboembolism† | 6.4 (3450) | 3.0 (138) | 6.1 (830) | 4.2 (384) | 7.7 (1280) | 5.6 (56) | 7.3 (216) | 6.0 (84) | |
| Previous bleed: | |||||||||
| Any† | 23.8 (12 848) | 25.9 (1176) | 26.0 (3541) | 27.1 (2493) | 28.0 (4674) | 29.5 (296) | 29.5 (869) | 29.7 (417) | |
| Intracranial† | 0.8 (435) | 1.2 (54) | 1.1 (146) | 1.6 (143) | 1.1 (191) | 1.9 (19) | 1.4 (41) | 2.1 (30) | |
| Haematuria | 10.9 (5883) | 12.9 (583) | 12.2 (1665) | 12.1 (1110) | 12.1 (2018) | 12.0 (120) | 12.0 (354) | 11.4 (160) | |
| Haemoptysis† | 2.6 (1428) | 2.3 (106) | 2.7 (364) | 2.7 (247) | 3.6 (599) | 3.4 (34) | 3.3 (97) | 3.2 (45) | |
| Previous gastrointestinal bleed:† | |||||||||
| All | 12.6 (6785) | 13.6 (615) | 13.8 (1878) | 14.8 (1360) | 15.7 (2610) | 16.7 (168) | 17.1 (504) | 18.3 (256) | |
| Upper | 4.2 (2260) | 4.5 (203) | 4.7 (640) | 5.1 (471) | 5.1 (844) | 5.1 (51) | 6.2 (184) | 6.0 (84) | |
| Lower | 9.4 (5067) | 10.4 (472) | 10.3 (1394) | 10.9 (1004) | 12.0 (2004) | 12.8 (128) | 12.9 (381) | 14.0 (196) | |
| Other drugs: | |||||||||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 43.4 (23 375) | 44.1 (2000) | 41.1 (5593) | 44.1 (4053) | 41.4 (6894) | 41.3 (414) | 42.1 (1243) | 42.4 (594) | |
| Antibiotics‡ | 10.1 (5460) | 8.7 (396) | 7.5 (1015) | 6.8 (622) | 9.0 (1495) | 6.9 (69) | 7.8 (231) | 5.1 (71) | |
| Antiplatelet | 29.9 (16 135) | 23.3 (1055) | 19.8 (2694) | 17.4 (1602) | 40.2 (6705) | 39.1 (392) | 31.0 (914) | 33.5 (469) | |
| Antidepressants | 15.7 (8444) | 14.8 (669) | 15.4 (2095) | 16.8 (1550) | 14.5 (2420) | 12.9 (129) | 17.3 (510) | 17.1 (240) | |
| Anticonvulsants | 0.8 (413) | 0.4 (20) | 0.6 (85) | 0.8 (69) | 0.8 (126) | 0.5 (5) | 0.9 (26) | 0.9 (12) | |
| NSAIDs | 6.9 (3709) | 8.5 (386) | 7.3 (994) | 5.7 (523) | 6.6 (1105) | 8.3 (83) | 6.6 (195) | 6.1 (85) | |
| Corticosteroids | 12.3 (6633) | 11.2 (506) | 10.7 (1450) | 9.9 (914) | 10.9 (1824) | 8.9 (89) | 10.2 (300) | 8.6 (120) | |
| Statins | 55.2 (29 763) | 53.6 (2428) | 51.3 (6972) | 54.1 (4975) | 53.4 (8904) | 52.9 (531) | 51.2 (1509) | 56.0 (785) | |
| Hormones (women) | 1.5 (370) | 2.3 (43) | 1.5 (93) | 1.3 (57) | 2.7 (199) | 2.1 (8) | 3.0 (40) | 2.8 (18) | |
For information on age distribution, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and Townsend quintiles see supplementary table 3.
NA=not applicable, fewer than 5 observations; NSAIDs=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
*
Within the last 6 months.
†
Based on general practice and Hospital Episode Statistics records.
‡
Within the last 6 months before the drug start date.