Table 2.
Patients without atrial fibrillation: selected baseline characteristics of patients and comorbidities in the QResearch and Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) cohorts. Values are percentages (numbers) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristic | QResearch | CPRD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warfarin | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | Warfarin | Dabigatran | Rivaroxaban | Apixaban | ||
| Total no of patients | 47 331 | 1868 | 18 423 | 7132 | 14 315 | 339 | 2893 | 490 | |
| Median (interquartile range) days of treatment | 196 (111-138) | 88 (58-244) | 89 (51-196) | 115 (58-215) | 193 (114-308) | 78 (57-240) | 86 (45-183) | 102 (51-228) | |
| Sex: | |||||||||
| Men | 53.6 (25 377) | 53.1 (992) | 48.8 (8985) | 51.7 (3689) | 53.2 (7615) | 53.1 (180) | 47.3 (1368) | 50.2 (246) | |
| Women | 46.4 (21 954) | 46.9 (876) | 51.2 (9438) | 48.3 (3443) | 46.8 (6700) | 46.9 (159) | 52.7 (1525) | 49.8 (244) | |
| Mean (SD) age at baseline | 66.5 (15.6) | 71.6 (12.9) | 68.2 (15.7) | 73.9 (13.6) | 66.3 (15.9) | 71.6 (12.7) | 66.9 (16.4) | 74.7 (13.5) | |
| Comorbidities at baseline: | |||||||||
| Alcohol dependence | 3.1 (1469) | 2.6 (49) | 3.3 (599) | 3.3 (236) | 2.3 (333) | 2.1 (7) | 3.2 (94) | 3.9 (19) | |
| Bleeding disorders | 1.4 (641) | 0.7 (14) | 1.2 (221) | 1.0 (73) | 1.6 (231) | NA | 1.9 (54) | 1.0 (5) | |
| Cancer (any) | 13.5 (6405) | 10.8 (202) | 13.1 (2408) | 13.3 (949) | 13.8 (1971) | 12.1 (41) | 13.7 (396) | 13.9 (68) | |
| Chronic liver disease or pancreatitis | 1.5 (699) | 1.1 (20) | 1.2 (229) | 1.4 (97) | 1.6 (228) | NA | 1.5 (43) | 3.1 (15) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8.2 (3899) | 7.8 (146) | 7.9 (1457) | 10.1 (719) | 8.4 (1205) | 4.1 (14) | 8.4 (242) | 8.8 (43) | |
| Chronic renal disease | 3.1 (1466) | 1.0 (18) | 1.3 (246) | 2.2 (158) | 3.2 (453) | NA | 1.9 (55) | 2.2 (11) | |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 7.5 (3540) | 6.6 (124) | 5.0 (919) | 8.8 (625) | 6.7 (964) | 5.9 (20) | 5.6 (162) | 7.1 (35) | |
| Coronary heart disease | 17.9 (8471) | 18.9 (353) | 13.5 (2488) | 22.5 (1605) | 17.9 (2560) | 18.6 (63) | 13.9 (401) | 26.3 (129) | |
| Diabetes | 15.1 (7143) | 17.0 (318) | 15.1 (2780) | 20.0 (1425) | 14.0 (2007) | 13.6 (46) | 14.0 (404) | 19.4 (95) | |
| Dyspepsia | 17.3 (8166) | 16.9 (316) | 17.3 (3193) | 17.8 (1272) | 24.5 (3502) | 21.8 (74) | 25.2 (730) | 26.3 (129) | |
| Falls or hip fracture* | 7.2 (3405) | 17.0 (317) | 8.3 (1538) | 6.6 (472) | 5.8 (824) | 6.5 (22) | 5.8 (167) | 6.5 (32) | |
| Hip or knee operation* | 3.1 (1445) | 23.0 (430) | 7.2 (1318) | 3.7 (261) | 5.2 (738) | 30.7 (104) | 8.2 (237) | 6.7 (33) | |
| Hypertension | 40.5 (19 184) | 51.3 (959) | 40.0 (7363) | 52.1 (3714) | 43.3 (6200) | 48.7 (165) | 42.4 (1226) | 54.9 (269) | |
| Ischaemic stroke† | 12.0 (5661) | 20.6 (384) | 10.5 (1937) | 22.9 (1631) | 11.6 (1663) | 23.0 (78) | 10.7 (309) | 33.7 (165) | |
| Oesophageal varices | 0.3 (137) | NA | 0.1 (18) | 0.1 (6) | 0.2 (29) | NA | NA | NA | |
| Peptic ulcer | 6.5 (3097) | 7.0 (131) | 5.6 (1040) | 7.2 (513) | 6.8 (979) | 5.6 (19) | 6.7 (195) | 9.4 (46) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 8.7 (4133) | 5.8 (108) | 4.3 (791) | 7.1 (506) | 6.9 (982) | 6.5 (22) | 3.6 (103) | 6.5 (32) | |
| Venous thromboembolism† | 58.0 (27 464) | 8.5 (159) | 39.2 (7222) | 17.5 (1249) | 62.9 (9003) | 10.3 (35) | 45.9 (1329) | 21.2 (104) | |
| Previous bleed: | |||||||||
| Any† | 22.3 (10 552) | 22.7 (424) | 23.3 (4301) | 23.8 (1697) | 25.7 (3672) | 25.4 (86) | 26.4 (763) | 31.6 (155) | |
| Intracranial† | 1.1 (534) | 1.1 (21) | 1.1 (207) | 1.2 (87) | 1.2 (177) | 1.8 (6) | 1.6 (46) | 2.2 (11) | |
| Haematuria | 9.2 (4377) | 9.7 (181) | 9.6 (1775) | 10.1 (721) | 10.0 (1431) | 10.3 (35) | 9.0 (261) | 11.8 (58) | |
| Haemoptysis† | 2.8 (1305) | 2.4 (44) | 2.6 (486) | 2.5 (179) | 3.3 (474) | 3.5 (12) | 4.0 (115) | 4.7 (23) | |
| Previous gastrointestinal bleed:† | |||||||||
| All | 12.1 (5716) | 12.5 (233) | 13.0 (2400) | 13.4 (955) | 14.8 (2124) | 13.6 (46) | 15.5 (449) | 16.9 (83) | |
| Upper | 4.2 (1995) | 4.0 (74) | 4.1 (754) | 4.9 (350) | 4.8 (687) | 6.5 (22) | 5.6 (163) | 7.6 (37) | |
| Lower | 8.8 (4186) | 9.5 (177) | 10.1 (1856) | 9.7 (694) | 11.4 (1639) | 8.6 (29) | 11.8 (342) | 11.8 (58) | |
| Other drugs: | |||||||||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 42.8 (20 259) | 45.0 (841) | 40.4 (7434) | 42.7 (3042) | 40.4 (5777) | 44.8 (152) | 40.8 (1181) | 46.5 (228) | |
| Antibiotics ‡ | 11.0 (5222) | 8.7 (162) | 8.6 (1576) | 5.6 (397) | 10.1 (1452) | 8.3 (28) | 9.6 (277) | 7.1 (35) | |
| Antiplatelet | 20.7 (9797) | 21.6 (403) | 16.4 (3014) | 17.8 (1273) | 22.5 (3216) | 27.7 (94) | 17.6 (508) | 28.8 (141) | |
| Antidepressants | 21.9 (10 352) | 19.8 (370) | 22.2 (4094) | 19.8 (1411) | 20.9 (2992) | 19.8 (67) | 23.0 (664) | 22.9 (112) | |
| Anticonvulsants | 1.5 (696) | 0.8 (15) | 1.2 (217) | 1.0 (72) | 1.4 (195) | 1.5 (5) | 1.3 (39) | NA | |
| NSAIDs | 12.1 (5722) | 17.2 (321) | 13.2 (2434) | 5.7 (406) | 12.0 (1723) | 23.6 (80) | 12.5 (361) | 7.8 (38) | |
| Corticosteroids | 13.5 (6407) | 9.2 (172) | 10.5 (1934) | 9.4 (670) | 12.7 (1822) | 10.3 (35) | 11.4 (330) | 11.2 (55) | |
| Statins | 39.6 (18 726) | 49.1 (917) | 35.3 (6507) | 51.2 (3655) | 37.3 (5333) | 49.9 (169) | 33.9 (980) | 52.7 (258) | |
| Hormones (women) | 2.5 (546) | 2.3 (20) | 2.7 (257) | 1.7 (58) | 6.7 (449) | 5.7 (9) | 8.5 (130) | 3.3 (8) | |
For information on age distribution, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and Townsend quintiles see supplementary table 4.
NA=not applicable, fewer than 5 observations; NSAIDs=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
*
Within the last 6 months.
†
Based on general practice and Hospital Episode Statistics records.
‡
Within the last 6 months before the drug start date.