Epithelial HS is required for A-P patterning and glandular specification during the development of stomach. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of Sox2 in E14.5 stomach. HS deletion results in strong expression of Sox2 in the glandular stomach epithelium. (B) In situ hybridization (ISH) using Shh riboprobe on E14.5 paraffin sections. Expression of Shh is spread throughout the entire gastric epithelium in the mutant. Images at high magnification are shown on the right. (C) Immunofluorescence staining with antibody against Gata4. Nuclear stained Gata4 is decreased in mutant glandular stomach, compared with the strong and wide Gata4 pattern in the control. (D) Immunofluorescence staining with antibody against Pdx1 reveals a dramatic reduction in the pre-antral region of the mutant stomach during embryonic development. Insets represent magnified images of the boxed area with no DAPI stain. hs, hindstomach; fs, forestomach. Scale bars: 100 μm (A,B), 50 μm (C,D).