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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2018 May 24;28(1):118–129.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.021

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Non-metastatic tumors induce peripheral IL-6 signaling. Tumor bearing mice have increased (a) spleen mass (N = 12/group; t = 3.702, p = 0.0012), (b) high serum levels of IL-6 (N = 13 no tumor, N = 14 tumor for IL-6; t = 2.449, p = 0.022, N = 14/group for TNF-α, t = 2.322, p = 0.028), and (c) their tumors contain high levels of IL-6 protein. (d) This is associated with increased pSTAT3 activation (western blot, ZT 10) in the liver of tumor-bearing mice (T) compared to non-tumor bearing (NT) mice (only relevant lanes of the western blot are shown), and marked macrophage (F4/80+) infiltration into tumors. Tumor bearing mice have increased expression of downstream targets of IL-6 signaling in the liver including (e) stat3 (N = 9/group for ZT 6, t = 2.937, p = 0.0097; 10/group for ZT 14, t = 2.241, p = 0.038; 9 no tumor, 10 tumor for ZT 22, t = 3.571, p = 0.0024), (f) socs3 (N = 9 and 8/group for no tumor and tumor groups ZT 6, t = 2.692, p = 0.0167; N = 9 and 10 for ZT 10, t = 2.683, p = 0.0157), (g) il1r1 (N = 10 no tumor, 9 tumor for ZT 10, t = 2.379, p = 0.029; 8 and 10 for ZT 14, t = 3.725, p = 0.0018), (h) crp (N = 8 no tumor 10 tumor for ZT 10, t = 2.79, p = 0.013; 9 and 8 for ZT 14, t = 2.087, p = 0.054) (i) il6rα (N = 9/group for ZT 6, t = 3.237, p = 0.0052; 10 no tumor and 8 tumor for ZT 10, t= 2.144, p = 0.0478; 9 and 10 for ZT 14, t= 3.139, p = 0.00599; 10 and 9 for ZT 18, t = 2.137, p = .0474; and 9/group for ZT 22, t = 2.642, p = 0.0177), and (j) ccl2 (N = 10 no tumor and 9 tumor for ZT 10, t = 2.247, p = 0.038), but not the hypothalamus (k,l). (Error bars represent ±SEM; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Student’s t-test)