Table 1.
Clinical parameters before and after administration of placebo or empagliflozin
| Placebo (n = 51) | EMPA (n = 58) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre Tx | Post Tx | Change (%) | P‐value | Pre Tx | Post Tx | Change (%) | P‐value | |
| BW (kg) | 80.7 ± 10.1 | 82.55 ± 12.4 | 2.2 | 0.146 | 83.55 ± 17.9 | 80.68 ± 18.4 | −3.4 | 0.001748* |
| BMI | 28.8 ± 3.2 | 29.07 ± 3.24 | 0.7 | 0.0522 | 30.7 ± 4.7 | 29.5 ± 4.8 | −3.6 | < 0.001* |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 130 ± 26.5 | 127.3 ± 23.9 | −2.1 | 0.326 | 134.7 ± 27.3 | 124 ± 20.7 | −7.9 | < 0.001* |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.91 ± 0.61 | 6.95 ± 0.58 | 0.5 | 0.479 | 7.37 ± 1.34 | 6.97 ± 0.94 | −5.4 | 0.00334* |
| IRI (mU/mL) | 8.81 ± 3.59 | 9.15 ± 3.54 | 3.8 | 0.432 | 10.59 ± 5.83 | 9.13 ± 5.5 | −13.7 | 0.00128* |
| HOMA‐R | 2.86 ± 0.59 | 2.98 ± 0.76 | 4.1 | 0.486 | 3.03 ± 1.97 | 2.33 ± 1.95 | −23.1 | < 0.001* |
| LDL‐C (mg/dL) | 119.6 ± 23.3 | 121.9 ± 21.4 | 1.9 | 0.353 | 114.4 ± 29.9 | 116 ± 27.5 | 1.8 | 0.262 |
| HDL‐C (mg/dL) | 54.9 ± 12.8 | 54.8 ± 10.8 | −0.1 | 0.939 | 55.9 ± 13.8 | 57.7 ± 14.6 | 3.2 | 0.0338* |
| TG (mg/dL) | 120.6 ± 47.7 | 123.0 ± 43.2 | 1.9 | 0.672 | 144.8 ± 60.8 | 126.8 ± 43.1 | −12.4 | 0.0104* |
| RLP‐C (mg/dL) | 7.77 ± 4.93 | 7.08 ± 4.06 | −8.8 | 0.36 | 8.06 ± 4.84 | 5.49 ± 3.39 | −31.8 | 0.001302* |
| AST (IU/L) | 25.9 ± 9.8 | 28.4 ± 12.1 | 9.6 | 0.01* | 28.6 ± 13.9 | 26.1 ± 11.5 | −8.7 | 0.0382* |
| ALT (IU/L) | 31.8 ± 19.5 | 38.4 ± 28.1 | 20.7 | 0.0214* | 35.3 ± 20.4 | 30.9 ± 19.4 | −12.4 | 0.00958* |
| γGTP (IU/L) | 48.9 ± 36.8 | 49.5 ± 34.2 | 1.2 | 0.857 | 39.4 ± 23.4 | 35.5 ± 21.5 | −9.8 | 0.00755* |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 73.4 ± 18.7 | 73.7 ± 18.6 | 0.4 | 0.755 | 74.5 ± 16.5 | 71 ± 16.2 | −4.6 | < 0.001* |
| ACR (mg/gCr) | 33.2 ± 66.1 | 54.7 ± 126 | 64.7 | 0.121 | 33.3 ± 51.8 | 23.7 ± 35.6 | −28.8 | < 0.001* |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 12 ± 8.4 | 14 ± 7 | 16 | 0.236 | 13.4 ± 12.2 | 12.6 ± 12.2 | −5.9 | 0.541 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.12 ± 0.15 | −7.1 | 0.61 | 0.12 ± 0.11 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 3.3 | 0.082 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 126.2 ± 15.2 | 125.7 ± 17.6 | −0.3 | 0.777 | 134.8 ± 15.8 | 126 ± 15.3 | −5.9 | < 0.001* |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.6 ± 10.2 | 75.5 ± 9.6 | −1.4 | 0.37 | 77.7 ± 10.5 | 75.5 ± 11.9 | −2.8 | 0.0942 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or percent change after treatment. *P < 0.05 (P‐values for the intragroup comparison). γGTP, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; ACR, albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BW, bodyweight; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EMPA, empagliflozin; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; RLP‐C, remnant‐like particle cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.