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. 2017 Dec 12;9(4):731–740. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12767

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The inflammatory effect induced by high glucose through the reactive oxygen species– phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)–nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling pathway in thoracic aorta endothelial cells. The cells were subjected to high glucose at 30 mmol/L for 12 h or in combination with the pretreatment of a related pathway inhibitor for 1 h. Then, (d,f) the detection of reactive oxygen species was by fluorescence microscope (magnification: ×200); (a–c,e,g,h) expression of PI3K, NF‐κB or AKT were assayed by western blot. Results were from six independent experiments for reactive oxygen species detection and three independent experiments for western blot, and expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. **P < 0.01 vs control, ## P < 0.01 vs high glucose at 30 mmol/L. NAC, N‐acetylcysteine; pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate.