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. 2018 Jul 4;8:10126. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28293-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of GA on surface potential and D-banding pattern of collagen fibrils. (a) Potential vs height of N = 10 randomly selected, individual fibrils for each sample, each data point represents one fibril with the potential determined over a length of at least 1.5 μm; (b) D-period vs height of the same fibrils as in (a), D-period determined as average over 10 bands per fibril, some fibrils had to be omitted as the banding-pattern was not pronounced enough in the AFM height images; red, full circles = sample exposed to GA; blue, open circles = control sample without GA; the horizontal error bars for the fibril heights are not shown as they are smaller (<10 nm) than the data symbols here;. Continuous, horizontal lines = average potential (a) and average D-period (b) of the data points for each sample; dashed, horizontal lines = upper and lower limit of the standard deviation of the data points. (c) Longitudinal potential profiles of 5 randomly chosen fibrils of each sample; profiles in shades of red/orange represent GA-exposed fibrils; profiles in shades of blue represent fibrils from the control sample. Note: The zero-potential is arbitrary; the vertical axes represent fibril potential minus glass potential.