Table 3. Interventional outcomes at baseline and at 8 weeks by randomization group.

		C group (n=28)	D group (n=30)	D+Exgroup (n=27)	p value across all groups	p value*
						C vs. D	C vs. D+Ex
Weight (kg)
	Baseline	69.9±9.2	72.8±15.2	76.6±10.7	0.131	0.631	0.110
	At 8 weeks	70.0±9.2	72.5±14.5	75.8±10.9	0.197	0.701	0.171
	Change	0.0±1.6	−0.4±2.1	−0.8±1.7†	0.240	0.671	0.210
Waist (cm)
	Baseline	88.4±7.0	91.3±11.2	94.7±7.3	0.032	0.419	0.024
	At 8 weeks	88.5±7.6	89.8±11.3	93.0±7.2	0.166	0.841	0.157
	Change	0.1±3.0	−1.5±2.6†	−1.8±2.3†	0.021	0.061	0.029
Sodium intake (g/day)
	Baseline	4.6±1.9	4.1±1.7	4.9±1.9	0.235	0.49	0.856
	At 8 weeks	4.1±1.9	2.8±1.6	3.0±1.5	0.011	0.012	0.055
	Change	−0.5±1.3†	−1.3±1.4†	−1.9±1.7†	0.006	0.068	0.001
24-hour urinary sodium excretion (mmol/24 hr)
	Baseline	147.3±63.3	143.4±62.6	178.7±50.6	0.058	0.977	0.991
	At 8 weeks	137.2±52.0	140.3±60.6	139.2±59.2	0.979	0.839	0.896
	Change	−10.1±62.3	−3.2±48.4	−39.5±68.0†	0.061	0.662	0.072
24-hour urinary potassium excretion (mmol/24 hr)
	Baseline	54.5±19.5	50.9±19.8	55.4±14.6	0.616	0.73	0.985
	At 8 weeks	52.0±23.5	47.9±25.3	52.2±26.1	0.756	0.53	0.974
	Change	−2.5±24.9	−3.0±17.7	−3.1±22.2	0.994	0.928	0.920
24-hour urinary phosphorus excretion (mg/24 hr)
	Baseline	761.5±250.5	803.9±303.7	790.9±257.7	0.834	0.825	0.916
	At 8 weeks	756.7±260.2	737.3±318.2	728.9±302.1	0.938	0.803	0.728
	Change	−4.9±264.9	−66.7±248.1	−62.0±284.0	0.623	0.378	0.427
24-hour urinary urea nitrogen excretion (g/24 hr)
	Baseline	9.3±3.3	9.0±3.1	9.6±3.0	0.781	0.817	0.69
	At 8 weeks	8.9±2.8	8.4±3.6	8.2±3.1	0.654	0.505	0.377
	Change	−0.4±3.1	−0.6±2.6	−1.4±3.7	0.438	0.745	0.217

Data are presented as mean±SD. Continuous variables were compared with one-way ANOVA.

ANOVA = analysis of variance; C group = advice-only comparison group; D group = diet education group; D+Ex group = diet and exercise education group; HSD = honest significant difference; SD = standard deviation.

^*Tukey HSD; ^†p<0.05 for change between baseline and at 8 weeks determined by paired t-test.