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. 2018 Jun 28;9:802. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00802

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Cyclic stretch (CS) inhibits adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-stimulated IL-1β secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages. The murine macrophage cell line J774.1 (A–C) and murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages (BMDM) (D) were primed with 100 ng/ml of Escherichia coli LPS for 4 h followed by a stimulation with 1 mM ATP for 2 h in the continuous presence of LPS. Cells were exposed to various conditions of CS as follows during the LPS stimulation. (A): J774.1 cells were exposed to CS of 5, 10, and 20% elongation at a frequency of 10 cycles/min for the first 2 h after the addition of LPS. (B): J774.1 cells were exposed to CS of 1, 10, or 30 cycles/min at a constant rate of 20% elongation for the first 2 h after the addition of 100 ng/ml LPS. (C): J774.1 cells were exposed to CS of 20% elongation at a frequency of 10 cycles/min for the first 2 or 6 h after the addition of LPS. (D): BMDM were exposed to CS of 20% elongation at a frequency of 10 cycles/min for the first 2 h after the addition of LPS. (A–D): The amount of IL-1β in the supernatant was analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Representative data of three separate experiments are shown as the means ± SD of triplicate assays. Significance is indicated (∗P < 0.05 significantly different from the positive control).