Table 1.

Characteristics of Health Belief Model and Trans Theoretical Model and Theory of Reasoned Action based Studies

study	Design/sample/model	location	Intervention	Outcome	quality rating EPHPP	model
Kocaöz et al (2017) (Champion et al., 2006)	semi-experimental n=342	Turkey	20 min theoretical and practical education about cervix cancer	In this study in the 6 months after the education 33.6% of women had a pap smear test and there were significantly increasing in pap smear benefits motivation subscale and significantly decreasing in pap smear barriers subscale.	Moderate
Shobeiri et al, (2016)(Shobeiri et al., 2016)	Quasi-Experimental N=330	Iran	The intervention included two 45-60 minutes consultation sessions in the form of consulting. The control group did not receive any training	There was significant increase in all variables of HBM and mean score of knowledge in intervention group (P<0.001).	Moderate
Daryani et al,(2015)	quasi-experimental	Iran	Intervention group received education sessions for 1.5 hours was held in practical displays, films, lectures and questions & answers	The result showed that there was significantly difference in women’s practice and in between two groups (p<0.05). Also in the intervention group. before and after intervention In case group there was a significant difference in terms of HBM constructs (P<0.0001),	Moderate
(Daryani et al., 2015)	the intervention (N = 60) or control (N = 60)		2)control group received no intervention
Taghi Pour shoorijeh et al,(2015) (shoorijeh Leila et al.)	quasi-experimental Experimental group N=60/ Control group N=60	Iran	Educational slides	after educational intervention there was significantly increase in mean scores of perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action in internal and external dimensions in intervention group.	Moderate
Hanaa, A.A et al (2014) (Hanaa, 2014)	Experimental design 314 married female students intervention group =157 and CON =157	Egypt	Self -learning package about CCS	Regarding knowledge dimension there was high difference between two group (p<0.05). In the intervention group the mean scores of perceived susceptibility and severity Of cervical cancer and perceived benefits of early detection and HPV vaccination were significantly higher than CON.	Moderate
Guvenc et al , (2013) (Guvenc et al., 2013)	quasi-experimental n= 2,500 women	Turkey	1-stage nursing intervention was distribution of the study’s educational brochure, by apartment building doormen 2-stage nursing intervention (telephone interviews) 3-stage nursing intervention (face-to- face interviews)	The result showed that Of the 144 who did not have Pap test after telephone interviews, 54 were then interviewed face-to-face, and 37.0% decided to accept free Pap test. A total of 668 women had accepted free Pap test uptake by the end of the intervention.	Moderate	Health belief model
Bebis et al , (2012)(Bebis et al., 2012)	RCT Intervention group=75 CON=75	Turkey	Educational conference (45 minutes) about Cervical cancer and Papanicolaou test in study group	There was statistically significant between two group in the score of knowledge (p<0.05) and There were statistically lower levels of susceptibility to cervical cancer score , lower levels of perceived benefit and lower levels of perceived barriers to Papanicolaou test score (P < 0.05).	Moderate
Pirzadeh & Amidi Mazaheri et al (2012) (Pirzadeh & Mazaheri, 2012)	quasi-experimental 70 women Intervention group = 35 CON=35	Iran	educational session lasted 45–60 min about cervical cancer and its screening	The results showed that after intervention HBM variables includes (perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived benefits, and barriers) had significantly difference between two groups(P < 0.001).	Moderate
Karimy et al,(2011)	quasi-experimental	Iran	educational program in three sessions based on Health Belief Model	The results showed that in intervention group the mean score of self-efficacy, susceptibility, severity, benefit and barriers perceived and performance of pap smear test were significantly increased (p<0.05).	Moderate
(Karimy, Gallali, Niknami, Aminshokravi, & Tavafian, 2012)	60 participants each: the experiment (intervention) group and the control
Shojaeizadeh et al,(2011) (Shojaeizadeh et al., 2011)	quasi-experimental n=70	Iran	The participants were divided in to seven 10- member groups. For each group, 2-hour training session was held twice. In each session, various training methods were used (lectures, question, and answer, showing slides and group discussion).	There was significantly increase in scores of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers and participants’ knowledge	Moderate
Park et al, (2005)	non-equivalent control group post-test	Korea	The core contents of the program reflected the results of a previous qualitative study conducted through focus groups to explore cognitive and affective attributes that women experience related to Pap test	Participants in the experimental group had significantly higher scores on perceived benefits of Pap tests, knowledge of cervical cancer, lower scores on procedural and cognitive barriers to testing(p<0.05). Results showed the Improvement in elf-efficacy, strong intention to have the pap test and advanced stages of behavior adoption (p < .01).	Strong
(Park et al., 2005)	Intervention group = 48 CON=48
Jibaja-Weiss et al, (2003)	RCT	Houston	1) personalized form (PF) letter( containing generic cancer information	The results showed 1 year after the intervention that personalized form-letter group was significantly more likely to have undergone a Pap testing (p<0.05).	strong	Health Belief Model
(Jibaja-Weiss et al., 2003)	N=1574 Teilored letter=524 personalized form (PF) letter=460 con=499		2)personalized tailored (PT) letter containing minimally tailored individualized risk factor information about breast and cervical cancer screening
Krok-Schoen et al, (2016) (Krok-Schoen et al., 2016)	randomized controlled trial 90 women	USA	received all components for the intervention (both visits, both phone calls, and 4 mailed postcards)	At visit 1 woman in the preparation and contemplation stages reported more barriers than women in the precontemplation stage. At visit 2, the number of reported barriers declined, and a higher number of barriers were reported by those n the early stages of change.	strong
Hou et al, (2005) (Hou, 2005)	pretest–posttest design n = 424	Taiwan	phone educational intervention	Result showed that at the end of the program women in the intervention group were 2.31 more likely and in contemplation stage4.18 were more likely to receive a CCS .	Moderate	Trans theoretical Model
Abdullah et al , (2013) (Abdullah & Su, 2013)	cluster randomized controlled trial intervention group =199 and CON =199	Malaysia	intervention group: A call–recall program The control group received usual care from the existing program.	Results showed that In both groups, pre-contemplation stage was had the highest proportion of changes in all stages. An intervention group showed two times more in the action stage than control group (OR= 2.44) At 24 weeks.	Strong
Coronado Interis et al, (2016)`(Coronado Interis et al., 2015)	pre-test/post-test design n=225	Jamaica	Intervention sessions were conducted one-to-one and in groups of up to 30 women. Presentations lasted approximately 15 min for both methods of delivery	6 month after intervention statistically significant increases in the percentage of questions correctly answered and in participants’ intention to CCS.40.7% of women screened for cervical cancer	Moderate	TTM/HBM
Maxwell et al,(2003)(Maxwell et al., 2003)	randomized trial n=444 intervention=213 CON=234	Los Angeles County	Small group discussion intervention with Educational intervention sessions by physicians and nurses.	The results showed that screening rates in study group were moderate increased.	Moderate	Health Belief Model Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior Pre- cede Model

RCT, Randomized Clinical Trials