Table 3.
Characteristics of Included Studies Based on Health Education Methods Without Framework Theory Based
| study | Design/sample/model | location | Intervention | Outcome | quality rating EPHPP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gana et al, (2016)`(Gana et al., 2016) | quasi-experimental the intervention (N = 93) or control (N = 93 | Nigeria | During the intervention phase, health education was provided on cervical cancer, Pap smear test with emphasis on its benefit and procedure and on proximate health institutions that provide such services to the intervention group. | After intervention there was a statistically significant difference in cervical cancer awareness (p<0.05) , but the rate of pap testing marginally increased (p>05) | Moderate |
| Thompson et al, (2016) (Thompson et al., 2017) | RCT video delivered to participants’ homes; n =150 video plus a home-based educational session; n = 146 usual care; n=147 | Latinas | 1)the control arm (usual care) did not receive any intervention 2) Participants in the low-intensity intervention (video) arm were mailed a culturally appropriate Spanish-language video based on a curriculum developed with community-based 3) The high-intensity arm received a promotoraled educational session in their home. | The results showed that pap testing in the high- intensity arm Significantly higher than low-intensity arm and the usual-care arm (P<.001) | Strong |
| Patricia et al, (2016) (Obulaney et al., 2016) | quasi-experimental design N = 41 | US | mall group, mother/daughter educational intervention | The result of this study showed that knowledge-based test item Significantly improved (p<0.05),the mothers hpv vaccine intention significantly change (p<0.005) | Moderate |
| Rosser et al,(2015) | the intervention (N = 207) or control (N = 212) | Kenya | The educational intervention includes a brief health talk on cervical cancer. | The result showed that the mean score of Knowledge in the intervention group significantly increased (p<0.05) however there was no significantly increase in uptake of pap screening | Strong |
| Abiodun et al,(2014) | Quasi-experimental | Nigeria | Health education intervention used a movie on cervical cancer and screening/ The intervention group received health education on cervical cancer and screening while the control group received education on breast cancer and screening. The control group also received health education on cervical cancer and screening after the post intervention study. | The result showed that Health education had significant effect on the awareness of CCS (p < 0.0001). Also in the intervention group The mean score of knowledge, perception and uptake of cervical screening were improved. | |
| (Abiodun et al., 2014) | Experimental group N=350 Control group N=350 | Moderate | |||
| Lai et al (2014) (Gahremani nasab et al., 2014) | quasi-experimental n=200 (100 in each group) | Taiwan | Intervention group: Six-hour discussion sessions were offered either with Facebook-assisted or in-person discussions after class. | In the intervention group there were significantly greater improvement in knowledge and attitudes score after intervention. | Moderate |
| Choi (2013) (Moodi et al., 2011) | pre-test/post-test design n=57 intervention group =30 and CON =27 | korea | 4-week program ( in 50-minute sessions once a week) The control group received no intervention | The results of this study showed that the cervical cancer preventive program was effective in increasing perceived susceptibility, knowledge and CCS. | strong |
| Marek et al , (2012) (Marek et al., 2012) | educational intervention study Experimental group / n=89 Control group/n=128 | Baranya County, Hungary | The educational intervention was undertaken by a trained health educator (first author) during the students’ regular classes | The results showed that awareness about cervical cancer, causal relationship between cervical cancer and HPV and perception of HPV vaccination , health-related beliefs significantly increased in intervention group (p<0.05) | Moderate |
| Love et al , (2012) | quasi-experimental | Thailand | the intervention group received Entertainment-education video | No uniform differences were showed between two groups. In Both educational Knowledge and attitudes score increased. | Moderate |
| (Love & Tanjasiri, 2012) | intervention group / n=263 CON=253 | (video) and the control group received brochure | |||
| Brien et al, (2010) (O’Brien et al., 2010) | randomized trial Intervention group = 60 CON=60 | Philadelphia | The educational intervention consisted of two workshops (3-hour, 4 and 10 women in each group) which were led by a pair of promotoras. | There were statistically significant differences in Pap smear test (65% vs. 36%), knowledge about cervical cancer (5.4 vs. 3.5), and self-efficacy (4.7 vs. 4.0) between the two group . | Moderate |
| Wright et al, (2010) (Wright et al., 2010) | quasi-experimental Intervention group = 175 CON=175 | Nigeria | the intervention group received sessions of community- based educational messages | Three was low level of cervical cancer Knowledge at baseline (15% versus 6.9% CON). in the intervention/experimental group there were Significant increase in proportions on awareness of cervical cancer (61.7%). | Moderate |
| study | Design/sample/model | location | Intervention | Outcome | quality rating EPHPP |
| Choe et al (2009) (Guvenc et al., 2011) | randomized trial n=130 deaf women | California | Intervention group received cervical cancer education video | In the intervention group by viewing of the in-depth video, obtained significantly more cancer knowledge than the CON. | Moderate |
| Perkins et al, (2007) (Perkins et al., 2007) | pre-/ post-test design control groups n = 124, n = 243; intervention group n = 233 | Honduras | radio broadcasts education and lecture presentations | The radio broadcast increased the proportion of knowledge of women about cervical cancer. And also improved pap test behavior of women | Moderate |
| Holloway et al (2003) (Moodi et al., 2011) | RCT N=1890 intervention=772 CON=1118 | Wales | a brief specific counseling session | In the intervention arm at the 5year follow-up, fewer women had attended for CCS sooner than recommended recall. | Moderate |
| Taylor et al, (2002) (Taylor et al., 2002) | RCT High-intensity intervention=161 Low-intensity intervention=161 CON=160 | North America | 1) The CON received usual care. 2)The outreach worker intervention group received an educational brochure, tailored counseling and a fact sheet 3) The direct mail intervention group received materials by mail | 39% of women in outreach group, 25% in the direct mail group and 15% in the CON reported Pap testing in the interval between randomization and follow-up data collection (P<.001 for outreach worker vs CON, P = .03 for direct mail vs CON, and P = .02 for outreach worker vs direct mail). | strong |