Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the Codeine-containing Cough Syrup (CCS)-dependent individuals and control subjects.
| Characteristic | CCS-dependent individuals (n = 37) | Controls (n = 32) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 24.081 (3.252) | 26.218 (6.131) | 0.084 |
| Education (years) | 12.432 (3.287) | 13.250 (4.557) | 0.392 |
| Nicotine (no. of cigarettes/day) | 16.243 (8.597) | 13.218 (6.926) | 0.116 |
| Cough syrups use (years) | 5.872 (range: 1–15) | N/A | – |
| Age at the first use of cough syrups | 18.148 (range: 13–24) | N/A | – |
| Mean dose (mL/d) | 446.486 (range: 60–1800) | N/A | – |
| Total BIS scores | 71.621 (4.872) | 58.812 (5.127) | 0.000⁎ |
| Attentional impulsivity | 18.487 (5.670) | 16.469 (1.502) | 0.044 |
| Motor impulsivity | 23.838 (5.781) | 21.188 (3.533) | 0.023 |
| Nonplan impulsivity | 29.297 (2.644) | 20.812 (2.620) | 0.000⁎ |
| Head motion (mean FD_Power) | 0.203166 (0.115205) | 0.159498 (0.072997) | 0.061 |
Unless otherwise indicated, data are means ± standard deviations. NA, not applicable.
⁎
P < 0.05.