Table 3. Comparison of demographics and clinical factors according to vitamin D deficiency in males and females.
| Characteristic | Males (n=39) | Females (n=118) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migraineurs with vitamin D deficiency (n=27) | Migraineurs without vitamin D deficiency (n=12) | Migraineurs with vitamin D deficiency (n=94) | Migraineurs without vitamin D deficiency (n=24) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 37.4±8.7 | 35.0±7.7 | 36.6±9.0 | 38.9±7.1 |
| Season | ||||
| Spring | 12 (44.4) | 4 (33.3) | 29 (30.9) | 1 (25.4)* |
| Summer | 4 (14.8) | 3 (25.0) | 17 (18.1) | 5 (20.8)* |
| Autumn | 6 (22.2) | 5 (41.7) | 23 (24.5) | 13 (54.2)* |
| Winter | 5 (18.5) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (26.6) | 5 (20.8)* |
| ICHD-3 classification | ||||
| Migraine without aura | 21 (77.8) | 7 (58.3) | 68 (72.3) | 18 (75.0) |
| Migraine with aura | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 5 (5.3) | 2 (8.3) |
| Chronic migraine | 6 (22.2) | 3 (25.0) | 19 (20.2) | 3 (12.5) |
| Probable migraine | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (4.2) |
| Headache characteristics | ||||
| Monthly days with headache | 10.1±8.1 | 8.2±5.6 | 9.3±7.7 | 6.8±6.1 |
| Attack duration, hours | 30.5±24.2 | 34.3±25.5 | 43.9±58.6 | 34.8±37.1 |
| Medication, days/month | 6.7±8.8 | 4.1±4.1 | 4.4±6.2 | 3.2±2.9 |
| VAS score | 7.4±1.7 | 6.3±1.4† | 7.0±1.8 | 6.9±1.7 |
| Accompanying problems | ||||
| HIT-6 score | 62.1±7.4 | 61.3±6.5 | 61.3±7.6 | 60.2±6.9 |
| PHQ-9 score | 7.3±6.0 | 6.6±4.2 | 7.3±5.0 | 6.7±5.1 |
| GAD-7 score | 6.6±5.9 | 4.6±3.7 | 6.3±5.1 | 5.3±4.9 |
| PSQI | 9.8±3.4 | 7.4±3.7† | 8.7±3.8 | 8.5±4.5 |
| Climate factors, monthly | 14.1±8.9 | 19.3±7.5† | 12.0±9.8 | 16.7±10.0* |
| Temperature, ℃ | ||||
| Relative humidity, % | 66.4±6.3 | 69.3±5.7 | 66.8±6.7 | 72.8±6.4* |
| Precipitation, mm | 73.5±63.0 | 78.3±44.2 | 72.5±75.4 | 104.4±100.0 |
| Total sunshine hours | 205.8±47.9 | 223.6±41.4† | 181.6±28.5 | 181.6±24.2 |
Data are mean±standard deviation or n (%) values.
*p<0.05, †p<0.1.
GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, HIT-6: Headache Impact Test-6, ICHD-3: third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, VAS: Visual Analog Scale.