Table 1.
Distribution of socio-demographic, behavioural and biological characteristics by sex.
| Characteristics | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Sex | 886 (45.6%) | 1056 (54.4%) |
| Mean age (SD*) | 48.8 (5.6) | 48.3 (5.3) |
| Marital status | ||
| Currently married/Cohabitating | 91.2% | 46.1% |
| Never married/Cohabitated | 1.5% | 6.6% |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 7.3% | 47.3% |
| Mean number of pregnancies (SD) | 4.9 (2.5) | |
| Highest level of education | ||
| No formal education | 3.8% | 10.7% |
| Primary | 50.5% | 62.8% |
| Secondary | 43.2% | 26.1% |
| Tertiary | 2.5% | 0.4% |
| Employment | ||
| Employed | 97.4% | 91.5% |
| Unemployed | 2.6% | 8.5% |
| Household wealth quintile | ||
| First quintile | 10.6% | 13.4% |
| Second quintile | 19.0% | 25.0% |
| Third quintile | 23.6% | 22.8% |
| Fourth quintile | 19.4% | 21.2% |
| Fifth quintile | 27.4% | 17.6% |
| Household density (SD) | 2.3 (2.2) | 3.2 (2.3) |
| Behavioural | ||
| Tobacco use | ||
| Never smoke | 46.0% | 91.4% |
| Current smoker | 22.8% | 2.2% |
| Former smoker | 27.2% | 4.9% |
| Snuff use | 3.5% | 1.1% |
| Chewing tobacco use | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Never consumed | 29.0% | 71.8% |
| Current non-problematic | 19.6% | 3.0% |
| Current problematic | 14.2% | 2.8% |
| Former consumer | 37.1% | 22.4% |
| Mean MVPA** (minutes per week) (SD) | 1966.6 (1780.7) | 1566.7 (1669.8) |
| Mean Sedentary Time (minutes per day) (SD) | 872.7 (453.0) | 868.9 (452.5) |
| Mean Sleep (average hours per night) (SD) | 7.8 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.5) |
| Diet | ||
| Vegetable servings/day, Mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.5) | 4.3 (2.6) |
| Fruit servings/day, Mean (SD) | 1.5(0.8) | 1.5 (0.9) |
| Bread in slices/day, Mean (SD) | 3.0 (2.3) | 2.5 (2.0) |
| Eating-Out or from Vendor/week, Mean times (SD) | 2.2 (2.4) | 1.5 (1.9) |
| Number of sugary Drink/week, Mean (SD) | 0.8 (2.6) | 0.5 (1.1) |
| Biological | ||
| Ethnicity | ||
| Kikuyu | 26.1% | 44.2% |
| Kamba | 21.9% | 18.0% |
| Luhya | 22.9% | 14.8% |
| Luo | 19.8% | 13.4% |
| Other | 9.4% | 9.7% |
| Self-reported diabetes | ||
| No | 98.0% | 96.0% |
| Yes | 2.0% | 4.1% |
| Tested HIV positive | ||
| No | 94.0% | 83.8% |
| Yes | 7.0% | 16.2% |
| Reported tuberculosis infection | ||
| No | 88.8% | 89.3% |
| Yes | 11.2% | 10.7% |
| Menopausal status | ||
| Premenopause | 43.8% | |
| Perimenopause | 17.1% | |
| Postmenopause | 39.1% | |
| Outcome variable | ||
| Mean height (m) (SD) | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.1) |
| Mean weight (kg) (SD) | 65.7 (12.0) | 69.5 (15.5) |
| Mean BMI*** (kg/m2)-mean (SD) | 22.8 (3.9) | 27.6 (6.1) |
| Median BMI (kg/m2) (IQR****) | 22.2 (21.9, 22.5) | 26.9 (26.4, 27.3) |
| BMI categories | ||
| Underweight | 11.7% | 3.9% |
| Healthy weight | 63.5% | 33.1% |
| Overweight | 19.6% | 30.9% |
| Obese | 5.1% | 32.1% |
Notes: *SD- standard deviation, **MVPA-Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, ***BMI- Body Mass Index, ****IQR- Interquartile range