Table 2.
Factors associated BMI among men and women in Nairobi slums (Univariate analysis).
| Characteristics | Men Coefficient (95% CI) |
Women Coefficient (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Age | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.003 (0.001, 0.006) |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married or co-habited (REF*) | ||
| Married/Cohabitating | 0.116 (0.026, 0.207) | 0.076 (0.022, 0.131) |
| Divorced/Widowed | 0.032 (−0.066, 0.130) | 0.019 (−0.035, 0.073) |
| Highest level of education | ||
| No formal education (REF) | ||
| Primary | −0.002 (−0.060, 0.056) | 0.015 (−0.029, 0.059) |
| Secondary | 0.018 (−0.040, 0.077) | 0.020 (−0.028, 0.068) |
| Tertiary | −0.004 (−0.093, 0.086) | 0.047 (−0.171, 0.265) |
| Employment | ||
| Unemployed (REF) | ||
| Employed | 0.014 (−0.055, 0.083) | 0.023 (−0.024, 0.071) |
| Wealth quintile | ||
| First Quintile (REF) | ||
| Second Quintile | 0.085 (0.045, 0.126) | 0.067 (0.024, 0.110) |
| Third Quintile | 0.103 (0.064, 0.142) | 0.115 (0.072, 0.159) |
| Fourth Quintile | 0.131 (0.091, 0.172) | 0.171 (0.127, 0.215) |
| Fifth Quintile | 0.152 (0.114, 0.190) | 0.202 (0.156, 0.248) |
| Household density (persons/bedrooms) | −0.001 (−0.008, 0.006) | −0.007 (−0.015, 0.001) |
| Behavioural | ||
| Tobacco use | ||
| Never smoked (REF) | ||
| Current smoker | −0.119 (−0.146, 0.092) | −0.208 (−0.298, −0.119) |
| Former smoker | −0.004 (−0.030, 0.021) | −0.013 (−0.073, 0.048) |
| Snuff use | −0.036 (−0.094, 0.023) | −0.025 (−0.149, 0.098) |
| Chewing tobacco use | −0.086 (-.244, .071) | −0.027 (−0.240, 0.187) |
| Alcohol use | ||
| Never consumed (REF) | ||
| Current non-problematic | −0.066 (−0.097, 0.034) | 0.033 (−0.045, 0.110) |
| Current problematic | −0.099 (−0.133, −0.064) | −0.081 (−0.161, −0.002) |
| Former consumer | −0.003 (−0.030, 0.023) | −0.004 (−0.036, 0.028) |
| Physical activity | ||
| MVPA** (minutes per week) | −0.001(−0.001, 0.001)*** | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.001)*** |
| Sleep (average hours per night) | −0.014 (−0.021, 0.007) | −0.022 (−0.031, 0.013) |
| Sedentary Time (minutes per day) | 0.003 (0.001, 0.001)*** | 0.001 (0.001, 0.001)*** |
| Diet | ||
| Vegetable intake (servings/week) | 0.006 (0.002, 0.011) | 0.002 (−0.003, 0.007) |
| Fruit intake (servings/week) | −0.006 (−0.019, 0.007) | 0.010 (−0.005, 0.025) |
| Bread (slices/week) | 0.008 (0.003, 0.013) | 0.001(−0.006, 0.007) |
| Eating-out or from vendor (times/week) | −0.002 (−0.007, 0.002) | −0.002 (−0.009, 0.005) |
| Sugary drink (number/week) | 0.005 (0.001, 0.009) | 0.012 (0.0001, 0.024) |
| Biological | ||
| Ethnicity | ||
| Kikuyu (REF) | ||
| Kamba | −0.016 (−0.047, 0.016) | −0.037 (−0.074, −0.001) |
| Luo | −0.005 (−0.036, 0.026) | −0.093 (−0.132, −0.053) |
| Luhya | 0.011 (−0.021, 0.044) | −0.076 (−0.116, −0.035) |
| Others | 0.015 (−0.027, 0.057) | −0.070 (−0.116, −0.024) |
| Self-reported diabetes | ||
| No (REF) | ||
| Yes | 0.113 (0.034, 0.193) | 0.071 (0.004, 0.139) |
| Tested HIV positive | ||
| No (REF) | ||
| Yes | −0.066 (−0.108, 0.024) | −0.123 (−0.158, −0.088) |
| Reported tuberculosis infection | ||
| No (REF) | ||
| Yes | −0.091 (−0.125, 0.056) | −0.107 (−0.149, −0.065) |
| Number of pregnancies | −0.001 (−0.007, 0.004) | |
| Menopausal status | ||
| Pre-menopause (REF) | ||
| Peri-menopause | 0.006 (−0.032, 0.044) | |
| Menopause | 0.007 (−0.022, 0.036) |
Notes: *REF- reference group against which other variable categories were compared, **MVPA- Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, *** values corrected to 3 decimal places from very low values