Table 1.

Epigenomic profiling of histone modifications, the open chromatin region and DNA methylation in thermogenic adipocytes and fat tissues.

Chromatin Markers/Regions	Function	Systems	Refs
H3K4me1	Enhancer priming	Immortalized primary brown pre-adipocytes; C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); brown adipose tissue (BAT); FACS sorted cell type-specific nuclei from cold/warm beige and brown adipocytes	[32,33,34,36,37,48,49,50]
H3K4me2	Gene activation	Immortalized primary brown pre-adipocytes; BAT	[33,34,36]
H3K4me3	Promoter activation	Immortalized primary brown preadipocytes; C3H10T1/2 MSCs; BAT	[32,33,34,38,48,51]
H3K9me2	Gene repression	Immortalized primary brown pre-adipocytes;	[34]
H3K27me3	Gene repression	Immortalized primary brown pre-adipocytes; C3H10T1/2 MSCs;	[31,32,34]
H3K36me3	Transcriptional elongation	Immortalized primary brown pre-adipocytes;	[34]
H3K9ac	Gene activation	C3H10T1/2 MSCs	[32]
H3K27ac	Enhancer activation	Immortalized primary brown pre-adipocytes; BAT; C3H10T1/2 MSCs; FACS sorted cell type-specific nuclei from cold/warm beige and brown adipocytes; human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells	[32,33,34,37,38,40,42,48,49,50,51,52]
Open chromatin region (FAIRE-seq (formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements sequencing) and ATAC-seq (assays for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing))	Active promoters and enhancers	Immortalized primary brown preadipocytes; BAT; Immortalized beige pre-adipocytes	[34,42,43]
DNA methylation	Gene repression	Primary brown pre-adipocytes	[47]

Abbreviations used in the table: MSC (Mesenchymal stem cell); BAT (Brown adipose tissue); FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting); hMADS (Human multipotent adipose-derived stem); FAIRE-seq (Formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements-sequencing); ATAC-seq (Assays for transposase-accessible chromatin-sequencing).