| UV | Ultraviolet Radiation |
| HPLC | High-Performance Liquid Chromatography |
| Pre-HPLC | Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography |
| LC-MS | Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry |
| NMR | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
| HCC | Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming Growth Factor-β1 |
| EMT | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition |
| MMPs | Matrix Metalloproteinases |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase |
| Akt | Protein Kinase B |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming Growth Factor-β1 |
| P70S6K | p70 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase |
| mTOR | Mammalian Target of Rapamycin |
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