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(A) Principle of Au–Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) pyramids for miRNA detection; (B) The nucleic acid skeleton of the pyramid used for miRNA detection. 1, 2 are linked with UCNPs; 3, 4 are linked with Au NPs; a, recognition sequence of miRNA; b, non-complemented part. CPL: circularly polarized light. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [76] Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society.
