| cDNA | Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DEPC | Diethylpyrocarbonate |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| ESI-MS | Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry |
| GALK | Galactokinase |
| GALT | Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| ID | Identifier |
| IPTG | Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside |
| LCMS | Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| MgGalT7 | β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase derived from Magallana gigas |
| MUSCLE | Multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation |
| NAD+ | Oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADH | Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| PAGE | Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PDB | Protein data bank |
| PhyML | Phylogenies maximum likelihood |
| pNP | para-Nitrophenol |
| ODS | Octadecylsilyl |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| SIM | Single ion mode |
| StUGD | UDP-glucose dehydrogenase derived from Sphaerobacter thermophilus |
| UDP | Uridine diphosphate |
| UGE | UDP-glucose 4-epimerase |