Table 1.

Solute selectivity of aquaporins (AQPs), and their localization and disease implications.

AQP	Solute Selectivity	Localization	Disease Implications	Ref.
AQP0	Water	Eye	Cataract	[24]
AQP1	Water	Brain, kidney, red blood cells	Tumor genesis and metastasis	[25]
AQP2	Water	Kidney	Nephrogenic diabetes	[26]
AQP3	Water, glycerol, urea	Liver, kidney, skin, intestine, eye, red blood cells	Skin cancer	[27]
AQP4	Water	Brain, intestine, kidney eye, nose, salivary duct, placenta, muscle	Brain edema, epilepsy, neuromyelitis optica	[28,29,30,31]
AQP5	Water	Lungs, salivary glands, sweat glands, eye, pancreas	Asthma, cystic fibrosis	[32,33]
AQP6	Water	Kidney	Unknown	[34]
AQP7	Water, glycerol, urea	Adipose tissue, liver, kidney, testis, heart muscle	Obesity, T2DM	[35,36,37]
AQP8	Water	Intestine	Ulcerative colitis	[38]
AQP9	Water, glycerol, urea	Liver, red blood cells	Obesity, T2DM. NAFLD	[37,39,40]
AQP10	Water, glycerol, urea	Small intestine	Unknown	[41]
AQP11	Water	Liver, testis, kidney	Polycystic kidney disease	[42]
AQP12	Unknown	Pancreas	Pancreatitis	[43]

T2DM—type 2 diabetes mellitus; NAFLD—non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.