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. 2018 Jun 14;19(6):1772. doi: 10.3390/ijms19061772

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The effects of the AMPK inhibitor ara-A on phloretin-induced upregulation of adipocyte differentiation markers. (A–D) After reaching confluency, ST2 cells were incubated in adipogenic medium for 48 h. Thereafter, the cells were treated with 100 µM phloretin for up to 12 h, and western blot analysis was performed to examine the time-dependent effects of phloretin on AMPK (A). To test dose dependency, the cells were treated with phloretin (0 to 100 µM) for 1 and 12 h (B). Quantification of the bands was performed (C,D). The results are representative of at least four experiments. The quantification results are expressed as mean ± SE (n ≥ 4); * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. (E–I) After reaching confluency, the cells were incubated in adipogenic medium with 100 µM phloretin and/or 0.1 mM ara-A for 4 days. The mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation markers (Pparγ, C/ebpα, Fas, Fabp4, and Apn) was examined by real-time PCR. The results are expressed as mean ± SE (n ≥ 7); * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Phl: phloretin.