A375	Human melanoma cells
ACTH	Adrenocorticotropic hormone
AJCC	American Joint Committee on Cancer
B16.OVA	Murine melanoma cell line
B164A5	Murine melanoma cell line
B16F10	Murine metastatic melanoma cells
B16FLT3	Murine melanoma cell line
B16GMCSF	Murine melanoma cell line
BRAF	Human gene that encodes B-Raf protein
CDK4	Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
CDKN2A	Cyclin-dependent kinase N2A
DMBA	7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
EUROCARE 5	European Cancer Registry based Study on Survival and Care of Cancer Patients
GEM	Genetically engineered models
GLOBOCAN	Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence
GNAQ	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit α
GPCR	G-protein-coupled receptor
GRM-1	Metabotropic glutamate receptor-1
HGF/SF	Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor
i.p.	Intraperitoneally
i.v.	Intravenously
IAPs	Inhibitory apoptosis proteins
l-DOPA	l-dihydroxyphenylalanine
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
Mb	Megabase
MC1 receptor	Melanocortin 1 receptor
Mt1	Metallothionein
Mt1-HGF/SF	Mt1-hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor
NF1	Neurofibromin 1
NK	Natural killer cells
NRAS	Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog
p14-ARF	Tumor suppressor protein
p16-INK4A	Tumor suppressor protein
PDXs	Patient-derived tumor xenografts
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog protein
RGP	Radial growth phase
s.c.	Subcutaneously
SLUG	Transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin
SNAIL	Transcription factor
TCGA	The Cancer Genome Atlas
TP53	Tumor protein p53
TPA	13-O-tetradecanoyl phobol acetate
TWIST	Twist-related protein 1
Tyr	Melanocyte-specific tyrosinase gene promoter
UV	Ultraviolet
WHO	World Health Organization
ZEB1	Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 transcription factor