Table 1.

List of Angiogenesis Inhibitors with Known Mechanism.

Compounds	IC50 (µM)	Mechanism of Action	Reference
Albendazole	0.64 ± 0.12	Inhibition of VEGFR-2	39
Bortezomib	0.02 ± 0.004	Inhibition of VEGF and IL-6 secretion	36
C.I. 1040	0.10 ± 0.04	Inhibition of ERK-MAPK signaling	42
Cantharidin	0.38 ± 0.13	Suppression of VEGF-induced JAK1/STAT3, ERK, and AKT	43
Carfilzomib	11.40 ± 0.84	Inhibition of NF-κB activation	44
Clofarabine	0.26 ± 0.03	Inhibition of human EC proliferation	45
Digitoxin	0.03 ± 0.01	Inhibition of HIF-1α synthesis	46
Docetaxel	0.0025 ± 0.0008	JNK2/PHD1 signaling-mediated HIF-1α degradation	35
Emetine	1.80 ± 0.33	Degradation of HIF-2α	47
Flavopiridol hydrochloride	0.80 ± 0.17	Inhibition of HIF-1α	48
Gemcitabine hydrochloride	0.04 ± 0.01	Induction of thrombospondin-1	49
Mebendazole	1.97 ± 0.46	Inhibition of VEGFR-2 kinase	38
Mitomycin C	0.50 ± 0.10	Mitosis inhibitor	50
Mycophenolic acid	0.19 ± 0.05	Cell invasion/migration, tube formation	51
Pazopanib	0.06 ± 0.03	VEGFR-2 inhibition	52
PP242	1.85 ± 0.40	Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	53
Proscillaridin	0.003 ± 0.0006	Inhibition of synthesis of both HIF-1α and HIF-2α	40
Selumetinib	0.08 ± 0.01	Modulation of p-ERK/c-Fos/HIF-1α/VEGF integrated signal pathways	54
Topotecan hydrochloride	0.03 ± 0.01	Inhibition of HIF-1α and HIF-2α accumulation	34
Vatalanib	0.20 ± 0.07	Inhibition of VEGFR	55
Vinblastine sulfate	0.05 ± 0.02	Block microtubule formation	56