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Schema to explain the induction of TL inhibition by MSCMSC are activated by IFN-γ produced by TL. Without cell contact MSC produce IDO, HLA-G, and LIF, which in turn inhibit the proliferation of TL. In cell contact, adhesion molecule VCAM and LFA-3 interact with their ligands expressed on TL (VLA-4 and CD2, respectively). The adhesion molecules might be involved in the production of the supplementary cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, which allow a more profound inhibitory effect.
