Table 3.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CKD progression associated with cumulative average tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking by subgroups
| Subgroups | Tobacco Smoking | Alcohol Drinking | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | P Value for Interaction | HR (95% CI) | P Value | P Value for Interaction | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.31) | 0.62 | 0.60 | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.38) | 0.33 | 0.37 |
| Women | 0.96 (0.74 to 1.26) | 0.79 | 0.90 (0.60 to 1.36) | 0.62 | ||
| Race | ||||||
| White | 0.96 (0.68 to 1.35) | 0.80 | 0.64 | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.45) | 0.57 | 0.81 |
| Nonwhite | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.27) | 0.63 | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.34) | 0.78 | ||
| Age, yr | ||||||
| <65 | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.22) | 0.92 | 0.90 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.32) | 0.62 | 0.93 |
| ≥65 | 1.04 (0.69 to 1.58) | 0.85 | 1.08 (0.74 to 1.56) | 0.69 | ||
| Baseline eGFR | ||||||
| <45 | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.23) | 0.85 | 0.99 | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.44) | 0.22 | 0.51 |
| ≥45 | 1.01 (0.69 to 1.49) | 0.94 | 1.00 (0.69 to 1.44) | 0.99 | ||
HRs compare persistent tobacco smoking throughout follow-up with nonsmoking and persistent alcohol drinking throughout follow-up with nondrinking. Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinical site, education, eGFR, proteinuria, history of diabetes, body mass index, systolic BP, hemoglobin, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and current smoking. HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.