Table 3.
Biomaterial-based immunomodulatory strategies to reduce scarring
Material Property | Function | References |
---|---|---|
Deliver stem cells | Reduces neutrophil recruitment, prevents respiratory burst | 169–172 |
Encourages antifibrotic macrophage polarization | ||
Attenuates T cell proliferation, encourages TH2 transition | ||
Deliver neonatal cells | Attenuates inflammatory response | 169,173 |
HA-based | Reduces TGF-β1 secretion | 113,169 |
Stiffness | Softer gels encourage anti-inflammatory polarization and reduced inflammation | 155 |
Surface topography | 1–5 μm gratings encourage anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and reduce inflammation | 174 |
Chemical cross-linking | Triggers chronic foreign body response (increases scarring) | 89 |
HA, hyaluronic acid.