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. 2018 Jul 1;7(7):209–231. doi: 10.1089/wound.2017.0761

Table 4.

List of potential immunomodulatory therapeutics to reduce skin scarring

Pharmaceutical Target Function Species Reference
C15 Neutrophils Reduces recruitment, restricts area of infiltration Mouse 175
Macrophages
αMSH Leukocytes Suppresses TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression Mouse 176,177
Lymphocytes
Mast cells Induces IL-10 generation of Tregs
PLCɛ Leukocytes Diminishes IL-6, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and CCL-20 Mouse 178
CXCR4 agonist Lymphocytes Reduces recruitment Mouse 179
Monocytes
PDRN Leukocytes Reduces recruitment Rat 180
Mast cells Inhibits degranulation
Curcumin Leukocytes Reduces IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 Rabbit 169
FM Cytokine profile Reduces TGF-β1 expression Mouse 182
TGF-β3 Lymphocytes Induces Tregs Phase III clinical trial 7,8
Macrophages Affects polarization
M6P Cytokine profile Inhibits TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 Phase II clinical trial 185
IL-10 Lymphocytes Induces Tregs Phase II clinical trial 3,185
Macrophages Encourages antifibrotic macrophage polarization
Nefopam Macrophages Reduces migration and adhesion Phase I clinical trial 186

αMSH, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; C15, Chemerin 15; CCL, C-C chemokine ligand; CXCL, C-X-C chemokine ligand; CXCR, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor; FM, fibromodulin; M6P, mannose-6-phosphate; PDRN, polydeoxyribonucleotide; PLCɛ, phospholipase Cɛ; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; Tregs, regulatory T cells.

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